批量控制器在液化气装车系统中的应用

石油二厂每年生产液化气五十万吨,这些液化气产品的出厂一直采用装车后用汽车衡检斤的方式,为了提高出厂产品的计量准确性,避免液化气装车过程中的作弊现象, 2004年石油二厂对液化气装车系统进行改造,采用批量控制器控制质量流量计在线定量装车.系统利用计算机管理系统,采用MODBUS总线方式进行信号采集传输,实现液化气槽车的自动罐装,提高了出厂产品的计量精度.     

Decomposition analysis of decoupling freight transport from economic growth in China

Freight transport industry plays a significant role in boosting economic growth, while also creating many negative externalities for social welfare and the environment. Using data from 1997 to 2017, this study employs the complete decomposition technique to identify the driving forces of freight transport and explores its internal relations with economic growth in China. The decomposition analysis focuses on four factors that are responsible for freight transport: economic activity, industrial structure, transport intensity, and haulage distance. Then, the decoupling index is adopted to examine the decoupling relationship between freight transport and economic growth in China. The results showed that weak decoupling between freight transport and economic growth was the main state during the study period. A strong decoupling effect was identified in 1997–1998, 2012–2013, and 2014–2015, whereas no decoupling effect was observed in 1998–1999, 2008–2009, and 2011–2012. The transport intensity was the most important contributor to the decoupling progress, the industrial structure effect played a role in promoting the decoupling progress over half of the years during the research period, and the haulage distance effect facilitated the decoupling progress in more than one-third of the years examined.     

Forecasting the impacts of climate change on inland waterways

Inland waterways are vulnerable to climate change as river navigation depends on water levels. Droughts can severely disrupt inland navigation services by reducing water levels either to completely non-navigable ones or to levels that oblige operators to reduce vessel load. We analyse the impacts of droughts induced by climate change using projections of river discharge data provided by eleven different climate model runs. We consider location specific characteristics by focusing the analysis on four specific locations of the Rhine and the Danube where a substantial part of the total freight activity in the European Union (EU) takes place. For the majority of the cases and scenarios considered, a decrease of the number of low water level days is projected, leading to fewer drought related disruptions in the operation of the inland waterway transport system. Although the uncertainties from the climate projections should not be neglected, the navigation sector could benefit from global warming which means that European inland waterways might be one of the few sectors where climate change can have negligible, or even positive, impact. The average economic benefit, for the cases considered, from the decrease of low water levels by the end of the century is projected to be almost €8million annually.     

5G移动通信在智能铁路中的方案分析

面对铁路智能化和未来演进,现有的移动通信技术不能满足智能铁路大容量数据传输,铁路亟需新一代移动通信支撑。5G技术可全面推进铁路通信技术换代升级,但对于数量庞大、高速移动用户,时速350 km上行多普勒频偏高于2 kHz,如不能有效预估并补偿,系统解调性能会严重恶化。针对5G移动通信在智能铁路的应用中面临的问题,分析其业务指标;提出了智能铁路5G移动通信整体架构;并对区间、隧道、室内覆盖组网进行了规划,描述了多普勒频偏原理并给出了频偏补偿方法,这可为实现智能铁路提供技术支持。     

基于合作博弈的公交滞站点优化模型

公交滞站控制是防治公交串车的常用方法. 现有研究主要集中于公交滞站时间的优化，很少关注滞站点优化问题. 本文提出一种基于合作博弈的公交滞站点优化模型. 根据系统当前状态，模型首先预测当控制不同滞站点组合时该滞站点组合对公交串车率的改进；其次，以滞站点为博弈人，以滞站点组合及其对公交串车率的改进量为效用函数，构建合作博弈，分析滞站点的单独和联合控制效果，并用Shapley 值刻画滞站点的相对重要性. 通过在最有效的滞站点实施滞站控制，能够有效防治公交串车. 最后，通过仿真实验对滞站点的数量和位置的确定进行说明，模型能有效降低公交车头时距波动，减少公交串车率，最终减少乘客平均候车时间.     

面向混合交通流的智能网联车鸣笛意图识别模型

为使混合交通流(Mixed Traffic Stream，MTS)下智能网联车(Intelligent Connected Vehicle，ICV)实现鸣笛意图(Horn’s Intention，HI)识别，更好地遵循常规车辆(Manual Vehicle， MV)的驾驶意图，提出ICV 对MV 鸣笛声的“ 感知(Perception) - 定位(Location) - 识别 (Recognition)”模型(简称HI-PLR)，采用深度卷积-循环神经网络(Deep Convolution Recurrent Neural Network, DCRNN)算法感知鸣笛车辆(Horning Vehicles, HV)的鸣笛声；采用到达时差 (Time Difference of Arrival, TDOA)算法定位HV；再基于运动时间窗(Motion Time Window, MTW)的支持向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVM)算法识别HI.实验结果表明，HI-PLR可使 ICV 对混流中车辆的鸣笛声感知准确率达90.4%，定位角度估计误差小于5°，HI 识别率达 82.5%，为ICV在MTS中的智能驾驶决策提供依据.     

Data-driven ferry network design with candidate service arcs: the case of Zhuhai Islands in China

ABSTRACT

We investigate a ferry network design problem with candidate service arcs (FNDP-SA), which is a new variant motivated by areal-world case from Zhuhai Islands. In this research, the design of a ferry schedule must conform to strict constraints including technical feasibility, safety issues, environmental impacts and moreover, avoid conflicting with ferries from neighboring cities (i.e. HongKong, Shenzhen and Macao). Therefore, a set of cautiously approved service arcs are firstly given, based on which the ferry service network is optimized. This study is among the first to formally describe the FNDP-SA and model it as an integer program. A hybrid variable neighborhood descent (VND)-based algorithm is developed. Two sets of instances are generated based on the case of Zhuhai Islands, where the first set is based on historical ticket sales data while the second set is derived by incorporating increased demands in the future according to a questionnaire survey. Numerical studies have shown that 59% cost reduction on the first set can be achieved by the proposed VND algorithm when compared with manual results. Research outcomes of this study have been adopted and implemented to facilitate the sustainable development of the ferry service of Zhuhai Islands.     

On incentives and optimal effort to improve bus transit performance

ABSTRACT

This paper studies incentive-based subsidy to transit systems to improve performance. It derives a formula for optimal effort that equalizes marginal cost and marginal benefit and derives some principles from it among which is that the larger the value of a transit system’s performance criterion the larger the effort it will exert to improve it. Next, using a constrained cost minimization approach it derives a nonlinear cost function that includes optimal effort and estimates it using an unbalanced panel data of single mode U.S. bus transit systems. The results show that optimal effort is the equivalent of seven full-time employees (15,243 labor hours) per year and in real terms it results in 0.6% cost saving (US$198,331) and US$836,796 in incentive subsidy per observation. The implications of these findings are examined.     

美国一级铁路公司UP与快递物流公司Hub的合作研究

美国一级铁路公司UP与快递物流公司Hub的合作是美国发展多式联运的成功案例之一。从UP与Hub的合作背景、合作措施和合作效果等3个方面对二者的合作案例展开分析。从合作的行业背景来看:美国对铁路运输管制政策的放松推动了市场竞争;铁路运输虽然具有运量大、能耗低、安全性高等优势,但无法提供“门到门”的运输服务;公路运输虽然灵活性高,但也面临着尾气排放带来的环境污染、卡车司机的高离职率等问题的困扰;公铁优势互补成为UP和Hub开展多式联运合作的基础。从合作的微观背景来看:UP和Hub经历了从一般商业往来到正式合作的演变历程,在这一过程中双方公司经营环境的变化是促使合作达成的重要原因。从具体的合作措施来看:UP长期坚持以Hub为大客户导向的经营战略,通过合理规划布局多式联运货场、在货场内提供高效的安检和装卸设备、安排灵活的货运列车时刻表、建立互联互通的EDI系统等措施满足Hub的运输需求,并在合作中不断提高运输时效性和安全性;Hub在合作中逐渐减少对UP提供的集装箱的依赖,向重资产战略调整和转移,以适应市场竞争和需求的变化。从合作效果来看:UP与Hub的合作使双方的多式联运业务收入都显著增加;多式联运分工专业化程度加深;Hub的社会形象也得到改善。通过研究UP与Hub的合作案例,总结了3点发展多式联运的成功经验:(1)政府要逐步放松铁路管制政策、降低行业准入门槛并引入市场竞争;(2)铁路运输公司要长期坚持以快递物流公司为大客户导向的经营战略;(3)多式联运参与主体要根据市场需求和竞争的变化适时调整经营战略。     

Estimating bike-share trips using station level data

Bicycle sharing systems (BSS) have increased in number rapidly since 2007. The potential benefits of BSS, mainly sustainability, health and equity, have encouraged their adoption through support and promotion by mayors in Europe and North America alike. In most cases municipal governments desire their BSS to be successful and, with few exceptions, state them as being so. New technological improvements have dramatically simplified the use and enforcement of bicycle return, resulting in the widespread adoption of BSS. Unfortunately little evaluation of the effectiveness of differently distributed and managed BSS has taken place. Comparing BSS systems quantitatively is challenging due to the limited data made available. The metrics of success presented by municipalities are often too general or incomparable to others making relative evaluations of BSS success arduous. This paper presents multiple methodologies allowing the estimation of the number of daily trips, the most significant measure of BSS usage, based on data that is commonly available, the number of bicycles available at a station over time. Results provide model coefficients as well as trip count estimates for select cities. Of four spatial and temporal aggregate models the day level aggregation is found to be most effective for estimation. In addition to trip estimation this work provides a rigorous formalization of station level data and the ability to distinguish spatio-temporal rebalancing quantities as well as new characteristics of BSS station use.