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691.
随着经济建设的快速发展,在超负荷运行的城市中心区平交路口极易造成交通拥堵。在实地调研北京市二环路内主要平交路口的基础上,对不同等级平交路口存在的问题进行了归类分析与统计。提出了交叉口交通组织精细化优化设计的改善措施,注重交通基础设施的人性化、标准化、规范化,从而为缓解二环路拥堵现状提供参考。  相似文献   
692.
针对我国掉头交通通行效率低下和安全性较差等问题,分析了信号控制交叉口掉头交通的掉头时间和冲突点等运作特性,并系统地归纳分析掉头交通的影响因素及其内在联系。根据我国现有掉头交通设计情况,总结了3种掉头交通设计模式,根据掉头车辆的运动原理,提出掉头交通的空间设计要点。最后结合具体操作时存在的问题,提出了详细设计方案。  相似文献   
693.
在城市交叉口所有方向车流中,左转车流是对交叉口影响最大的车流。它不但会增加交叉口的平均延误,而且会大大增加交叉口的冲突点个数,对交叉口的安全性有重要的影响。从交通工程设计和安全角度出发,在广泛参照国内外先进设计理论和方法的基础上,提出一种新型的立体下沉式无障碍交叉口左转交通设计。  相似文献   
694.
该文通过对沪宁城际铁路常州站北广场周边道路进行交通组织优化及关键交叉口渠化设计,从而提高了道路的通行能力,并相当程度地缓解了不同交通方式之间的流线冲突,达到改善城际站及周边区域交通状况的目的。  相似文献   
695.
    
Buses stopping at transit stops reduce the capacity of signalized intersections, which can lead to excessive delays for all users. In order to avoid such phenomena, signal control strategies can be utilized. This article presents a real-time signal control strategy to mitigate the impact of bus stop operations on traffic operations along an undersaturated approach. The objective of the proposed strategy is to ensure that any residual queues due to a bus stopping are fully dissipated as soon as possible by increasing the green time for the bus stop approach as soon as the bus departs. In addition, this strategy ensures that the cross-street approaches do not become oversaturated. Kinematic wave theory is utilized to track the formation and dissipation of queues and determine the green extension (or red truncation) for the subject approach. The benefits achieved from the proposed strategy are illustrated through simulation tests at a single intersection for a variety of bus stop and bus operation characteristics. Average delay and average queue length for the bus stop and cross-street approaches, as well as for the whole intersection, are used to assess the performance of the strategy. The tests performed indicate that the signal control strategy can achieve substantial reductions in delay for the bus stop approaches and the intersection as a whole without adversely affecting the cross street operations, when the demand at those cross streets is low.  相似文献   
696.
    
This research proposed an eco-driving system for an isolated signalized intersection under partially Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV) environment. This system prioritizes mobility before improving fuel efficiency and optimizes the entire traffic flow by optimizing speed profiles of the connected and automated vehicles. The optimal control problem was solved using Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. Simulation-based before and after evaluation of the proposed design was conducted. Fuel consumption benefits range from 2.02% to 58.01%. The CO2 emissions benefits range from 1.97% to 33.26%. Throughput benefits are up to 10.80%. The variations are caused by the market penetration rate of connected and automated vehicles and v/c ratio. No adverse effect is observed. Detailed investigation reveals that benefits are significant as long as there is CAV and they grow with CAV’s market penetration rate (MPR) until they level off at about 40% MPR. This indicates that the proposed eco-driving system can be implemented with a low market penetration rate of connected and automated vehicles and could be implemented in a near future. The investigation also reveals that the proposed eco-driving system is able to smooth out the shock wave caused by signal controls and is robust over the impedance from conventional vehicles and randomness of traffic. The proposed system is fast in computation and has great potential for real-time implementation.  相似文献   
697.
    
Nowadays, problems of congestion in urban areas due to the massive usage of cars, last-minute travel needs and progress in information and communication technologies have fostered the rise of new transportation modes such as ridesharing. In a ridesharing service, a car owner shares empty seats of his car with other travelers. Recent ridesharing approaches help to identify interesting meeting points to improve the efficiency of the ridesharing service (i.e., the best pick-up and drop-off points so that the travel cost is competitive for both driver and rider). In particular, ridesharing services, such as Blablacar or Carma, have become a good mobility alternative for users in their daily life. However, this success has come at the cost of user privacy. Indeed in current’s ridesharing services, users are not in control of their own data and have to trust the ridesharing operators with the management of their data.In this paper, we aim at developing a privacy-preserving service to compute meeting points in ridesharing, such that each user remains in control of his location data. More precisely, we propose a decentralized architecture that provides strong security and privacy guarantees without sacrificing the usability of ridesharing services. In particular, our approach protects the privacy of location data of users. Following the privacy-by-design principle, we have integrated existing privacy enhancing technologies and multimodal shortest path algorithms to privately compute mutually interesting meeting points for both drivers and riders in ridesharing. In addition, we have built a prototype implementation of the proposed approach. The experiments, conducted on a real transportation network, have demonstrated that it is possible to reach a trade-off in which both the privacy and utility levels are satisfactory.  相似文献   
698.
    
An on‐street parking maneuver can often start a temporary bottleneck, leading to additional delay endured by the following vehicles. If the maneuver occurs near a signalized intersection, the service rate of the intersection might be reduced. In this paper, a model is built to analyze the effects of parking maneuvers on the intersection service rate. Based on the hydrodynamic theory of traffic flow, the perturbation caused by the parking maneuver is analyzed. Using dimensional analysis, we illustrate the relation between the background conditions, the distance from the parking area to the intersection, and the intersection service rate. Based on this relation, one can compute the service rate reduction caused by existing on‐street parking areas. A minimum distance between the parking area and the intersection to avoid such reduction can be accordingly found. Numerical examples based on empirical data from the city of Zurich, Switzerland, are provided to illustrate the practical applications. Although the analysis is based on streets with a single lane per direction, the findings can provide some insights regarding different situations. We hope such findings can be used as a basis for developing on‐street parking design guidelines. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
699.
    
Turning vehicle volumes at signalized intersections are critical inputs for various transportation studies such as level of service, signal timing, and traffic safety analysis. There are various types of detectors installed at signalized intersections for control and operation. These detectors have the potential of producing volume estimates. However, it is quite a challenge to use such detectors for conducting turning movement counts in shared lanes. The purpose of this paper was to provide three methods to estimate turning movement proportions in shared lanes. These methods are characterized as flow characteristics (FC), volume and queue (VQ) length, and network equilibrium (NE). FC and VQ methods are based on the geometry of an intersection and behavior of drivers. The NE method does not depend on these factors and is purely based on detector counts from the study intersection and the downstream intersection. These methods were tested using regression and genetic programming (GP). It was found that the hourly average error ranged between 4 and 27% using linear regression and 1 to 15% using GP. A general conclusion was that the proposed methods have the potential of being applied to locations where appropriate detectors are installed for obtaining the required data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
700.
    
The problem of studying public transportation systems with autonomous vehicles is challenging because of behavioral differences that make existing models poorly fit and the technical difficulties involved in studying large autonomous systems operating on a grand scale. In this paper, we propose the following: (i) an autonomous transportation network setting; (ii) a method for modeling autonomous vehicles in simulation; and (iii) a high‐performance simulation platform that allows analysis and visualization of transportation technologies. Results from microsimulation confirm theoretical benefits and improvements from employing autonomous systems in an example setting and highlight the platform's general ability to allow researchers to implement novel transportation systems and study the cost benefit variations occurring between them. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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