Differences in single heavy vehicle crashes at intersections and midblocks

The objective of this research is to identify the factors differentiating between single heavy vehicle collisions at intersections and midblocks by using a binary logit model. Our results show that single vehicle crashes involving heavy vehicle at intersections are more likely to occur on main roads and highways, whereas crashes at midblocks are more likely to occur on divided two‐way roads, roads with special facilities or features (e.g. bridge) and roads with a higher percentage of heavy vehicle traffic. Intersection crashes are also more likely to involve vehicles that are turning left or right, resulting in angle crashes and vehicle overturn, whereas midblock crashes are more likely to involve vehicles on higher posted speed roads. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

优化爆破参数进行地铁车站隧道控制爆破

为减小爆破振动速度和提高炮眼利用率,以青岛地铁2号线车站主体Ⅰ部上台阶的爆破开挖为背景,从理论上分析了由于掏槽区域爆破效果差引起爆破振动过大,由于掏槽眼不对称、掏槽区域布置不当、掏槽眼间排距过大、辅助眼排距过大、未封堵炮孔等原因造成炮眼利用率较低。结合理论计算和工程前期施工经验对楔形掏槽参数进行了优化,同时在校核单段最大起爆药量时考虑了多自由面的影响。结果表明： 优化后的复式楔形掏槽使炮眼利用率提高到90.5%,爆破振动速度控制在0.7 cm/s以内。     

小盲孔法和磁性法测残余应力的比较

本文对目前在焊接结构残余应力测试中应用最广的小盲孔法及磁性法进行比较。首先进行标定、得到了必要的数据及图表,然后进行测试比较。结果表明,可比性较差。文中分析了造成误差的原因,并指出,虽然目前对磁性法的测量精度还有争议,但用其检测消除焊接结构中残余应力的效果是可靠的。      

木槽岩隧道洞身开挖施工技术及不良地质洞段处理措施

根据木槽岩隧道穿越区地质条件和实际施工情况,施工中采取了超前支护、分步开挖、稳步推进的方法,并增加了超前小导管及锁脚小导管、锁脚锚杆等支护方式,加强测量观测工作,避免不良地质给施工造成的损失。     

开洞位置对无粘结预应力板挠度影响的实验分析

无粘结预应力混凝土楼面经常要进行开洞处理,洞口附近区域易产生应力集中现象,对楼板的整体性能有很大影响,会导致楼板的裂缝开展,挠度增大,抗弯承载能力急剧下降等。文章通过4块无粘结预应力混凝土开洞板的实验现象,着重对不同开洞位置无粘结预应力板的挠度情况进行研究分析。结果表明,楼板开洞对板造成的影响是复杂的,与洞口的位置、形状、周边的受力、楼板的受力、楼板的性质（单向板、双向板、连续板）等都密切相关。     

钻孔灌注桩在珊瑚礁地质条件下的施工工艺

在珊瑚礁地质条件下,先冲孔穿透珊瑚礁再钻孔施工灌注桩,在国外设备受限的条件下完成了任务,对于工程量不大的项目起到了很好的效果,在类似工程中可以借鉴。     

城市无信号控制T型交叉口通行能力计算方法

以当量人群描述非机动车和行人对机动车通行的共同影响,对城市无信号控制T型交叉口的交通流运行优先等级进行重新划分,共划分为5 级.将主路直行车流和横穿支路的当量人群流作为独立优先流,应用间隙接受理论,研究了各次级交通流的可能通行能力计算方法.考虑高等级次级交通流及横穿主路的当量人群流的影响,采用概率论方法研究了各次级交通流的可能通行能力修正系数,从而得到各次级交通流的实际通行能力计算模型,进而得到整个无信号控制T型交叉口的通行能力计算方法.结果表明,以当量人群描述非机动车和行人对机动车通行的共同影响计算过程简单,符合我国城市道路交叉口非机动车和行人多的实际情况.     

城市立交方案评价指标权重确定方法研究

文章针对主观赋权法和客观赋权法确定权重系数的不足,提出了一种采用组合赋权法确定指标权重评价城市立交方案的新思路。并结合广东省佛山市黄岐互通立交改造工程,介绍了该组合赋权法在互通立交方案选择中的具体应用。     

超长精确造孔施工工艺

在昆明市呈贡主干道综合管沟施工中,采用“双向对拉钢套箱”的新技术暗穿昆玉高速公路,为了满足对拉工艺对索孔的要求,研究提出“粗孔内布索孔管”的造索孔方法,经实施,方案可行。