从屡发船撞桥事故中反思对技术决策的二点浅见

针对我国通航的河流上,船撞桥这一恶性事故的不断发生,不能不引起人们反思。为此,该文对有关单位在技术决策上、设计理念上、通航孔的标准等级上、防护管理上提出一些建议,望能引起有关高层决策上的重视,及时采取有效措施,促使类似事件减少、减轻、甚至达到避免灾难的发生,真正贯彻,"以人为本"为核心的科学发展观,统筹兼顾地落到实处。     

基于AHP-模糊综合评价的路面预防性养护措施决策研究

预防性养护是一种在路面状况尚处于良好情况下采取的对现有道路系统进行有计划的、基于费用效益的养护策略。养护措施的选择应针对不同路况采取不同的策略。以唐山市某国道工程为实例,介绍采用AHP-模糊综合评价法得到路面预防性养护的最佳措施。     

残缺信息下火炮效能评估的直觉模糊群决策法

基于炮兵武器系统作战效能评估问题,在属性信息存在一定信息残缺的情况下,运用信息残缺直觉模糊多属性群决策方法,通过决策专家对不同炮兵武器的残缺效用信息值进行集结,建立属性权重求解的线性规划模型,对武器系统作战能力进行排序和择优。最后结合实例,对模型进行了检验。     

水运工程项目全过程投资控制

投资控制是水运工程项目控制的重点,贯穿于项目建设的全过程。在满足项目合理工期和质量的前提下,采取技术与经济相结合的手段,在工程建设的各个阶段对投资进行控制。分别介绍从水运工程项目决策阶段、设计阶段、招投标阶段、实施阶段和结算阶段进行投资控制的做法,为工程项目投资发挥较大的经济效益和社会效益。     

政府投资项目HPC模式的探讨

目前大多数政府投资项目已经不再拘泥于传统的管理组织模式,而是逐渐融合多种项目管理经验,发展适应于具体项目的组合模式。现实中,组合模式的开发存在多重困难,如何正确地运用组合模式也是项目管理必须面临的一大难题。此文对政府投资项目HPC模式进行探讨,并进行治理分析。     

Developing metro-based accessibility: Three aspects of China’s Rail+Property practice

Populous Chinese cities have invested heavily in metro systems and planned proactively for transit-oriented development. Rail plus property (R+P) programs, where metro corporations engage in, and even orchestrate real estate development in or around rail station areas, have been recurrently reported among these cities. However, careful assessment of these programs is still rare in the existing literature. Built upon multiple R+P programs led by Shenzhen Metro Cooperation and/or Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway Cooperation, this article fathoms the rationale for R+P programs in Mainland China, the obstacles for oversea private investors’ participation and the balance between profit making and social goods supply. It finds that R+P programs serve as alternative funding sources for expensive metro projects. It decreases municipal governments’ cash flow contribution to those projects, which is mandated by the central government. In addition, local business environment for R+P projects has disadvantaged private sector participation, especially those private investors from overseas. Furthermore, public subsidy to local metro corporations is likely to persist as R+P programs have not been designed for economic value maximization; rather, they are in place because (1) they reduce the cash flow burden of the municipal government; (2) they are tasked by the municipal government to produce a considerable number of affordable public housing.     

公交信息的乘客光环效应

光环效应是一种特殊的非理性心理现象，可利用其改善公交乘客的满意度.本文认为显著维度光环效应指标除了满足对总体满意度作用系数最大外，还应新增 3个基本特征，据此提出了一种新的基于多个特征的显著维度光环效应指标辨识方法，克服了单个特征有时错误识别的缺陷.基于 2017年武汉市公交乘客满意度数据，利用双因素和决策树法辨识潜在的显著维度光环效应指标，缩小辨识范围.利用各分项满意度指标的影响人群比例，评分均值与总体满意度关系，对总体满意度的作用系数，评分方差等精确辨识了显著维度光环效应指标. 研究发现，公交信息服务对 55.42%的乘客具有反向光环效应.改善公交信息服务可显著提高不满意乘客的满意度.     

A maritime safety on-board decision support system to enhance emergency evacuation on ferryboats

Planning emergency evacuation operations in a proactive manner in public marine transportation systems is a critical success factor for passenger and crew safety. Despite the fact that there is a growing attention on safety issues for marine transportation systems, providing a real-time decision support for evacuation planning under different emergency conditions has not yet been addressed. In this context, this paper contributes to the related literature by providing a comprehensive methodology including simulation and statistical analysis along with a three-module decision support system (DSS) for ferryboat emergency evacuation. Emergency evacuation and fire environment are simulated via Maritime EXODUS V5.1 and SMARTFIRE V4.3, respectively. The methodology is applied to a real-life Ro-Ro ferry, and the results not only revealed significant factors on emergency evacuation performance, but also demonstrated the validity of the developed decision support system.     

一种“效率-公平-运力”多维权衡的需求可拆分配送方法

针对自然灾害及重大社会公共事件等各类突发事件的配送问题，本文以公路运输为研究场景，将配送时间最短、加权时间攀比值最小和使用车辆数最少为多维目标，在引入需求可拆分这一限制条件的基础上，构建“效率-公平-运力”多维权衡的需求可拆分应急物资配送模型。针对该问题设计改进的蚁群算法求解模型。从选择拆分点、信息素更新和引入变邻域搜索算子这3个方面改进了算法，并实现当解持续不变时，初始化信息素，以增加随机性。结果表明，与传统求解算法相比，改进算法的稳定性更高(平均偏差率降低7.00%)，寻优性更好(优化率提高7.41%)。 通过分析考虑三目标、双目标和决策者具有明显偏好的多重场景下的求解结果得知：效率、公平、 运力这3个子目标相互悖反，增加运力投入可以显著提高配送方案的效率与公平；当运力不变时，效率与公平之间近似呈同比例反比关系。研究结论可为救灾目标不确定条件下多因素考量的应急物资配送决策生成与优化问题提供方法改进与可量化决策支撑。     

轨道交通车站节能检测判定坐标系研究与应用

从轨道交通车站项目设计、技术要求、检测参数、检测方法及结果判定的角度,文章阐述了轨道交通车站系统节能检测的主要内容和检测方法。为了快速方便地判定检测结果,提出了检测结果坐标系的二维可视化评判方法,并给出了合格判定的点集数学表达式。以某车站系统节能性能检测项目为案例,运用检测结果判定坐标系法对主要参数包括室内温度、风系统总风量与风口风量、水系统水流量、平均照度与照明功率密度等进行了检测结果分析,实现了节能检测结果的快速和二维可视化判定。