序决策逻辑及基于启发式遗传算法的规则挖掘

很多真实世界处理排序问题代替分类问题,例如由不同生产厂商生产的消费品,大学之间的排序等等.一般地,一个全局的信息表需要给定.本文采用了基于Rough集理论的方法来阐述排序规则的挖掘问题,且利用了基于遗传算法的启发式算法来达到算法的实现.     

泛亚铁路资本运作方式探索

泛亚铁路有东线、西线、中线三种方案,每种方案的国际资本构成将会各不相同;中国在每种方案里的投资策略也各不相同;泛亚铁路工程的中国资本运作方式有多种,其中值得重视的有向泛亚铁路股份有限公司投资入股、BOT投资方式、逆向BOT投资方式、给予沿线有关国家以国家贷款(以泛亚铁路的收益为担保)等;泛亚铁路工程资本运作应重点解决为各类投资主体提供必要国家保护、予以适当外汇管理优惠和税收优惠等问题;良好的泛亚铁路工程资本运作将使东盟——中国自由贸易区17亿人民从中受惠.     

船载防避台智能决策支持技术研究

以船舶防避台实践经验、典型案例和领域科研成果为基础,用现代科技手段,研究船载防避台智能决策支持技术.它由电子海图、船舶动态管理、台风信息查询和台风路径自动标绘、船-台综合态势实时计算和模拟避台、避台智能决策等5个分支组成.综合运用相似理论、天气图方法、卫星云图分析法、台风数值预报等学科理论,构建船舶防台数据库、模型库、知识库,实现对船舶和台风路径全过程实时跟踪和监控、船-台态势分析、威胁等级判断、台风路径补充改正和航线天气预报、避台智能决策.     

集聚经济视角下轨道交通投资对城市系统均衡的影响

随着城镇化进程加快,城市规模增加所带来的集聚效应和交通拥堵等负外部性之间的矛盾越来越突出,优化城市交通基础设施建设是缓解该矛盾的重要举措。本文同时考虑了集聚经济和交通拥挤两种外部性,构建并求解了一个两区域城市空间结构模型,分三种情况探究了轨道交通的投资引入和道路容量的优化对城市规模和城市空间结构均衡的影响。结果表明,轨道交通的投资引入能够增加城市人口规模和社会福利,使城市结构更加紧凑。但是,随着集聚经济水平的提高,城市规划者应逐步完善公交配套设施,以降低公交拥挤成本,提高公交出行分担率;还应制定相应的福利政策,避免由于个体效用下降而导致人口流出。     

城市交通仿真系统设计与开发

依托智能交通系统对交通规划过程提供技术和决策支持,是当前中国大城市ITS建设的一项重要任务.建设面向规划决策的交通信息平台的主要目的,是通过长期、全面的数据采集和信息提炼,实现交通规划建设决策的科学化.首先运用系统分析方法对面向规划决策系统的用户--管理决策者、交通技术人员、公众进行了需求分析,提出系统软件和硬件架构;对系统实现中的关键技术问题进行了详细探讨;最后,介绍了如何应用上述设计方法实现深圳市城市交通仿真系统.城市交通仿真系统的设计理念、系统构架、功能设计和关键技术,将成为提高交通部门决策水平和业务能力的新的途径与模式.     

基于 TOPSIS 和隶属函数的灰数决策模型

在实际生活中,某一交通区域道路上行驶的车辆数、车型、车速及行人的影响等客观因素是不确定的,与之相关的指标值是不确定的。对于不确定的指标值在规划方案优劣的评比中采用灰数的形式要比采用清晰值的形式更符合实际。借助传统TOPSIS法、经典灰色理论和模糊隶属度函数的基本思想建立了组合决策模型,该模型通过构造灰数意义上的决策值与论域,定义了指标集的正、负灰数理想解,进而构建了决策值相对于正、负理想解在灰数意义上的正、负隶属度函数,隶属度表明了评价指标值相对于正、负理想解的接近程度,而后用贴近度对方案的优劣进行排序。最后,以交通规划的实例验证了该模型的有效性与实用性。     

基于蚁群算法和群决策理论的动态路径优化研究

文章针对城市交通信号控制中的动态路径优化问题,综合考虑相邻交叉口间距和路段交通饱和度两个参数的影响,提出了一种基于蚁群算法和群决策理论的动态路径优化算法模型,并通过仿真实验,对比分析了该算法模型的有效性。     

Disaster prevention and strategic investment for multiple ports in a region: cooperation or not

With the growth of maritime transportation, seaports have become critical to the world economy as linking nodes between shipping and inland transport. However, the port system is fragile under certain unconventional emergency events. This study addresses the issue of investment on disaster prevention within the port competition context. The present model discusses and compares four situations of different relationships and strategies of pre-disaster prevention between two adjacent ports. Results indicate that both ports increase the disaster prevention investment under the cooperation scenario compared with that in the case of non-cooperation wherein they are complementary ports. Meanwhile, a numerical simulation is conducted to examine the collective and individual rationality of both ports. Although cooperation strategy decreases the total risk cost of two ports, one of the two ports may profit, whereas the other may suffer losses.     

Exploring active transportation investments and associated benefits for municipal budgets: a scoping review

Municipalities play an important role in the planning and development of communities that support active transportation (AT), which refers to human-powered modes of travel, such as walking and cycling. Municipal-level stakeholders involved in land-use and transportation infrastructure planning consider multiple social, environmental and economic considerations to inform decision-making and investments in AT. Evidence around the fiscal benefits of AT investment for local governments has not been systematically identified. This scoping review sought to explore the existing evidence regarding investments in AT and opportunities for savings on municipal expenditures and revenue generation. In total, 7060 records were located and screened; of which 162 full-text articles were reviewed. Ultimately, 23 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The available evidence focuses on potential economic benefits of AT in the areas of tax revenues, property values, consumer spending and employment, all of which are relevant sources of revenue generation in municipal operating budgets. An evidence gap was identified regarding AT infrastructure investments and benefits corresponding to municipal expenditures (e.g. maintenance cost savings). Notably, a large portion of literature was published after 2009, suggesting that municipal-level evidence on the fiscal benefits of AT investments may just be emerging.     

CIM模型在高速公路投资风险评估中的应用

在分析、识别高速公路投资风险的基础上,建立了高速公路投资风险评估指标体系.针对风险因素具有结构多层次、因素多方面、评估模糊性、出现随机性、直接量化困难等特点,基于模糊理论,结合层次分析法,建立了控制区间和记忆(CIM)模型对高速公路投资风险进行评估.通过控制区间和记忆模型在工程实践中的应用,验证了CIM综合评估法在风险评估中的有效性和可操作性.