高速铁路钢轨大机打磨作业标准化、程式化初探

通过对京广高速铁路武广段惯性晃车地点进行综合分析,然后进行了设备精调精整,但效果并不理想。后经轨面光带调查分析,发现轨面光带发散、突变、宽度较宽现象比较普遍。于是选取了一段线路设备进行试打磨,发现大机打磨作业对改善列车运行品质能够起到良好效果。为了指导生产和实践,在试打磨、讨论、调研等综合分析的基础上,对现有的钢轨大机打磨作业进行标准化、程式化,并经实践证明效果显著。     

基于小波变换的轨道不平顺信号分析

为消除轨检车速度不稳定对采集的轨道不平顺信号频谱分析的影响，利用Haar小波变换建立了原始信号瞬时频率与Haar小波系数的关系，以计算瞬时频率．根据求取的瞬时频率对采样信号进行内插和重采样，再对重采样信号进行傅立叶变换，即可得到消除了畸变的频谱．     

Influence of Track Irregularity on Longitudinal Vibration of Wheelset and Correlation Performance

Introduction Greatattentionhasbeenfocusedonthelateral performanceofrailwayvehiclesforalongtimein ordertoachievehigherspeedandbettercomfort.But thelongitudinaldynamicperformancewasneglected exceptforthestudyontractionandbrakingperform ances.Sinceithasfewre…     

轨道不平顺导致的车桥耦合振动分析

研究目的：轨道不平顺常常是激起车桥系统耦合振动的主要因素之一，通过研究轨道不平顺导致的车桥耦合振动规律，为铁路桥梁精确设计提供理论依据。 研究方法：以H．Hamid等人提出的轨道不平顺功率谱密度为例，构造了时域内的轨道随机不平顺函数。以轨道不平顺样本函数为激振源，通过求解车桥系统耦合振动微分方程，分析铁路桥梁在列车荷载作用下的动力响应规律。 研究结果：计算了广西红水河铁路斜拉桥在列车通过时的动力响应，给出了不同车速及不同不平顺样本函数情况下桥梁主跨中点横向位移时程曲线。 研究结论：桥梁结构动力响应主要随车速及不平顺样本函数的不同而变化，且有较大的随机性。对于广西红水河铁路斜拉桥，桥梁主跨中点的最大横向位移一般在车速为75～95km／h时达到最大。     

轨道不平顺激励下车辆-桥梁垂向随机振动方差解法

提出时滞多维非白噪声轨道不平顺激励下车辆-桥梁垂向随机振动的时域分析方法。采用白噪声滤波法模拟单轮对下的不平顺,在宽频带内识别滤波器参数以实现波长选择功能。基于Pade近似构造累次时滞滤波器以反映各轮对下不平顺之间的时滞关系。结合成型和时滞滤波器,构造以一致白噪声为输入、时滞多维非白噪声不平顺为输出的合成滤波器。建立车辆-桥梁垂向振动模型,并与合成滤波器联立得到一致白噪声激励下的车-桥-滤波器扩阶状态方程。继而提出求解此扩阶时变系统随机振动方差响应的递推算法。算例结果与MonteCarlo模拟法符合良好,表明该方法具有足够的精度,且对时间步长不敏感。     

Estimation of wheel–rail friction for vehicle certification

In certification of new rail vehicles with respect to running characteristics, a wide variety of operating conditions needs to be considered. However, in associated test runs the wheel–rail friction condition is difficult to handle because the friction coefficient needs to be fairly high and the friction is also generally hard to assess. This is an issue that has been studied in the European project DynoTRAIN and part of the results is presented in this paper. More specifically, an algorithm for estimating the wheel–rail friction coefficient at vehicle certification tests is proposed. Owing to lack of some measurement results, the algorithm here is evaluated in a simulation environment which is also an important step towards practical implementation. A quality measure of the friction estimate is suggested in terms of estimated wheel–rail spin and total creep. It is concluded that, tentatively, the total creep should exceed 0.006 and the spin should be less than 1.0 m^?1 for the algorithm to give a good friction estimate. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to imitate measurement errors, but should be expanded in further work.     

The effect of railway local irregularities on ground vibration

The environmental effects of ground-borne vibrations generated due to localised railway defects is a growing concern in urban areas. Frequency domain modelling approaches are well suited for predicting vibration levels on standard railway lines due to track periodicity. However, when considering individual, non-periodic, localised defects (e.g. a rail joint), frequency domain modelling becomes challenging. Therefore in this study, a previously validated, time domain, three-dimensional ground vibration prediction model is modified to analyse such defects. A range of different local (discontinuous) rail and wheel irregularity are mathematically modelled, including: rail joints, switches, crossings and wheel flats. Each is investigated using a sensitivity analysis, where defect size and vehicle speed is varied. To quantify the effect on railroad ground-borne vibration levels, a variety of exposure–response relationships are analysed, including: peak particle velocity, maximum weighted time-averaged velocity and weighted decibel velocity. It is shown that local irregularities cause a significant increase in vibration in comparison to a smooth track, and that the vibrations can propagate to greater distances from the line. Furthermore, the results show that step-down joints generate the highest levels of vibration, whereas wheel flats generate much lower levels. It is also found that defect size influences vibration levels, and larger defects cause greater vibration. Lastly, it is shown that for different defect types, train speed effects are complex, and may cause either an increase or decrease in vibration levels.     

Locomotive dynamic performance under traction/braking conditions considering effect of gear transmissions

Traction or braking operations are usually applied to trains or locomotives for acceleration, speed adjustment, and stopping. During these operations, gear transmission equipment plays a very significant role in the delivery of traction or electrical braking power. Failures of the gear transmissions are likely to cause power loses and even threaten the operation safety of the train. Its dynamic performance is closely related to the normal operation and service safety of the entire train, especially under some emergency braking conditions. In this paper, a locomotive–track coupled vertical–longitudinal dynamics model is employed with considering the dynamic action from the gear transmissions. This dynamics model enables the detailed analysis and more practical simulation on the characteristics of power transmission path, namely motor–gear transmission–wheelset–longitudinal motion of locomotive, especially for traction or braking conditions. Multi-excitation sources, such as time-varying mesh stiffness and nonlinear wheel–rail contact excitations, are considered in this study. This dynamics model is then validated by comparing the simulated results with the experimental test results under braking conditions. The calculated results indicate that involvement of gear transmission could reveal the load reduction of the wheelset due to transmitted forces. Vibrations of the wheelset and the motor are dominated by variation of the gear dynamic mesh forces in the low speed range and by rail geometric irregularity in the higher speed range. Rail vertical geometric irregularity could also cause wheelset longitudinal vibrations, and do modulations to the gear dynamic mesh forces. Besides, the hauling weight has little effect on the locomotive vibrations and the dynamic mesh forces of the gear transmissions for both traction and braking conditions under the same running speed.     

车-桥耦合振动的动力响应分析

通过三角级数叠加法模拟桥面不平顺激励,运用大型有限元通用分析软件ANSYS的耦合技术对车-桥耦合振动进行了分析.提出了5个自由度的车辆模型模拟重车,160个梁单元模型模拟简支梁桥,把车辆和桥梁结构视为2个系统,利用Newmark-β法求解车-桥耦合振动方程组,进行了桥梁结构振动的位移、弯矩的响应研究.得到了桥梁跨中最大位移和弯矩都不是发生在桥梁跨中位置;随着桥面不平顺有明显的变化,随着桥面状况的变差,其响应越来越大.     

秦沈客运专线板式无砟轨道不平顺功率谱分析

以秦沈客运专线轨检车实测轨道不平顺数据为统计样本，基于样本平稳性检验，采用FFT方法进行样本空间的谱估计，并由MATLAB编程得到轨道不平顺谱密度和相关函数。通过对比分析，发现无砟轨道不平顺优于有砟轨道，高低和方向不平顺尤为突出；在8m以下波段内无砟轨道不平顺很好，无明显周期性成分；无砟轨道左右股钢轨横向不平顺控制均匀；左右两轨高低不平顺相关性较强，方向不平顺相关性较弱。基于样本的总体平均，运用非线性最小二乘拟合优化算法，得出无砟轨道不平顺谱密度拟合曲线参数值，对于研究我国无砟轨道不平顺功率谱有参考价值。