Can we really measure the impact of port governance reform?

Approaches by governments to reforming the way in which ports are governed are critical to how ports operate and fulfil their roles, and much research is devoted to investigating the impact of such reform. Yet, although the challenges of such research are noted, little attention is devoted to questioning whether measuring such impact is actually possible. We argue consideration of this question is fundamentally important for policy makers and researchers. Specifically, if uncertainty exists regarding whether we have measured the impact of the reform, how can we research its effect or justify its introduction? Conversely, a more conscious consideration of whether we can really measure the impact of port governance reform arguably means a more effective contextualization and rationalization of both policy and research. In this polemical paper, we critically consider three salient areas in relation to whether we can really measure the impact of port governance reform: ‘key terms and their ambiguity’, ‘aspects of time and geography’ and ‘issues of methods and context’. We summarize the key issues and offer suggestions for policy makers and researchers to approach them in an aim to both help measure the impact of port governance reform and also aid future policy development.     

基于ANSYS的高精度管路系统抗冲击仿真方法及试验验证

针对船舶管路系统抗冲击性能仿真方法精度不足的问题,研究用于舰船管路系统的高精度抗冲击仿真方法。采用ANSYS有限元实体建模技术、冲击时域分析法对空间管路系统抗冲击性能进行研究,搭建管路系统抗冲击试验平台,对不同冲击载荷下管路系统的抗冲击性能进行试验验证,最后以舰艇典型管路系统为算例,研究三向冲击载荷作用下舰船管路的抗冲击性能。研究给出了基于接触单元、弹性约束、实体附件单元等高精确的管路建模技术,提出了船舶管路抗冲击时域仿真流程。研究表明,采用时域分析法和实体建模技术满足抗冲击仿真高精度的要求,舰船空间管路系统的横向抗冲击性能较差,法兰、直角弯管处、连接支管处等部位为管路系统薄弱结构。根据仿真结果,文章还提出了一系列用于工程实践的管路优化布置方法。     

含初始挠度加筋板的极限承载能力分析

舰船长期服役,甲板结构易产生初始挠度变形,这会对甲板承载能力带来不利影响.加筋板作为船体甲板结构的主要构成单元,研究初始挠度变形对其极限承载力的影响具有重要意义.为了确定初始挠度变形对加筋板极限承载力的影响作用,根据实际情况假设初始挠度为双三角级数形式,利用Ansys计算分析了整体初始挠度的幅值与半波数对极限载荷的影响和典型位置的应力特性,并得到初始挠度对加筋板极限载荷的影响因子计算方法.计算结果分析表明,随着初始挠度的幅值和半波数的增加,加筋板极限承载力逐渐减小;对于含有某种初始挠度的加筋板,其影响因子主要受加筋板的长宽比、厚度和加强筋间距等因素的影响.     

Environmental rail charges in Europe: a review

European legislation implies the use of marginal social cost pricing in rail access charges levied on rail operators. Thus, they may include specific environmental charges to internalise the impacts of rail transport. However, when applying these principles in practice, several difficulties call for second-best settings adapted to the particularities of the rail market. In this context, few European railway administrations are already implementing rail access charges with an environmental dimension. This paper reviews the literature on the issue and assesses the current European experience in noise and air pollution rail charges. For this purpose, an analytical framework is built on the definition of four basic dimensions: charging approach, allocation of abatement efforts, degree of differentiation and intermodal approach. The qualitative examination of the existing systems suggests that the level of environmental surcharges can be generally increased given the low substitutability between rail and road and that the range of abatement possibilities should be enlarged by further differentiating charges. It is also found that the pricing scope should be adapted to achieve particular cost-efficient allocations of abatement efforts among rail operators and upstream agents. Finally, further research requirements for a quantitative assessment are defined.     

桥梁桩基溶洞处置方案探讨

岩溶地区地质条件复杂多变,对桥梁结构的安全、稳定有着极大的影响,是桥梁设计施工中的重难点,因此溶洞处置方案的研究具有重大意义。本文概述了溶洞处置的常用方法,详细介绍了注浆法和钢护筒跟进法两种处置方案,并对两种方案进行了对比。     

新开发区域建设项目交通影响评价及其应用研究

分析了新开发区域项目交通影响评价的特点,提出了适合于新开发区域项目交通影响评价的方法,对关键技术进行了详细的阐述论证,最后以宁波市国大雷迪森国际中心交通影响评价项目为例,说明提出方法的科学性与可行性.     

汽车焊接结构冲击拉伸强度分析

利用改进的霍普金森棒法对汽车用钢板的圆弧焊接接头试验片进行了静强度和冲击强度的拉伸试验,得到了三种不同材料试验片的应变率、应力波、冲击破坏变形和破坏速度并对试验结果进行了分析.试验结果为车体材料的选择提供了依据.     

不安全驾驶行为对高速公路上发生大型卡车交通事故的影响分析

通过对高速公路上发生大型卡车交通事故原因分析．结合美国最新调查资料．对不安全驾驶行为进行论述。     

全承载客车正面碰撞吸能器设计与验证

为开发大型全承载客车碰撞吸能器,通过整车正面碰撞有限元仿真分析,确定了吸能器合理的吸能量和压溃力,以压溃力为目标进行吸能器结构参数设计。采用铝合金和DP600钢试制了吸能器样件,通过静态压溃试验对比不同吸能器的压溃力和变形模式,并通过台车碰撞和整车碰撞试验验证吸能器性能。结果表明,铝合金吸能器的压溃变形模式稳定,材料没有撕裂现象,在正面碰撞、偏置碰撞、斜角碰撞等多种碰撞工况下都能产生良好变形,满足整车碰撞安全性的要求。     

基于影响因素的SVR备件需求预测研究

文章介绍了支持向量机学习算法,说明其特点,并引出基于影响因素的支持向量回归的备件需求预测方法,用某型备件的历史需求数据例证此法的可行性与精确度。