行道树的种植及其对冲出道路交通事故的影响

作为道路景观设计的一个分支,行道树的设计被列为车辆冲出路外（ROR）交通事故的主要原因。因为在ROR 事故中,行道树是被撞击最多的固定物体,因此,许多研究人员建议取消行道树的种植,以创造足够清晰的区域。通过分析其它研究人员和机构统计的可用数据,研究并深入探讨了行道树的种植对 ROR 事故的影响。结果表明,行道树只是 ROR 撞车事故的最终接收者。我们迫切需要确定车辆冲出道路的原因,以制定解决 ROR事故的最佳方案。此外,道路设计和道路景观因素中对安全措施进行系统编码可以显著影响驾驶人员的驾驶行为,并由此降低 ROR 事故的发生频率和严重程度。     

城镇街道景观设计的方法

城市化的发展带动了小城镇的崛起,小城镇的街道景观是被日益关注的课题。本文从城镇街道景观的设计作为切入点,从街区规划到街道整体两个方面深入探讨了城镇街道景观设计一系列可实施的方法。     

Visual landscape classification in the coastal strip of Santander (Spain)

Abstract

The coastal landscape in Santander, Spain, is analyzed in terms of landscape quality and fragility (or vulnerability). Quality is intended to indicate those areas of major landscape value for conservation purposes. Fragility is utilized to detect areas which could easily deteriorate if certain human activities are carried out. The authors’ study has three clearly differentiated phases. In the first, landscape units are defined and mapped. In the second, units are classified by computerized techniques and grouped according to significance. In the third phase, the true significance of the groups is interpreted. A mountainous, coastal zone in northern Spain was chosen for this study. Landscape units were determined by visual criteria with strong topographical bias. The area covered by each unit is that visible to an observer situated approximately in its center. Each unit is represented by certain biophysical and visual variables. Data were subjected to clustering analysis on the basis of using three ad casum defined “distances.”; The first distance gives unit classifications grouped according to similarity or proximity of their characteristic variables. In this case, inventory data only are used, no subjective value judgments were introduced in the process. Value judgments are made at the end on the resulting groupings of units. Two other distance classifications are determined by the similarity or proximity of the units making up each group according to the landscape quality and fragility values of each unit. In these latter cases, classification is influenced by value judgments introduced at the beginning of the process. These procedures are more subjective but give more congruent results. With each mathematical distance configuration, an analysis is made of the variables shown to be most representative and which have, therefore, shown greatest discriminatory power in selecting final groups. Finally, the different possibilities of the above techniques are discussed as well as their potential generalization to other fields demanding the treatment of qualitative landscape variables.     

考虑驾驶人安全与视觉特性的高速公路路堑边坡景观优化

为了提升高速公路路堑边坡的景观效益及安全价值，提出考虑驾驶人安全与视觉特性的路堑边坡景观优化思路。首先结合驾驶人视觉特性，以行车视距、注意力集中点和最深视野为参数，对高速公路视觉敏感度进行分区研究，得到高、中、低3级视觉敏感区空间范围。其次对路堑边坡进行景观比重研究，结合净区设置规范，进行净区和景观比重数值模拟计算，得到坡率为1∶8~1∶0.75的路堑边坡在6组坡高下满足净区设计规范之后的景观坡面占据高视觉敏感区的景观比重值。最后结合模拟结果提出路堑边坡优化建议，使其在保障驾驶安全的基础上实现景观效益最大化。结果表明：车速为80 km·h^-1时，高视觉敏感区宽37 m、高10 m，中、低视觉敏感区均宽119 m、高82 m；路堑边坡坡高为0.75 m时，坡率为1∶8~1∶7的边坡景观比重可以超过50%，坡高大于3 m时，缓于1∶1.5的路堑边坡坡长占据高敏感区的景观比重接近定值71%；坡高一定时，路堑边坡坡率越缓，越容易满足净区宽度设置要求，可在增强交通安全属性的同时提升边坡景观展示效率。     

基于环境融入型湿地景观桥梁设计分析探究

本文基于工程设计案例,从交通功用与环境融入统一的理念,探讨环境融入型湿地景观桥梁设计技术要点,提出满足交通功用需求、适应湿地环境特点和注意细节设计的湿地景观桥梁环境融入型设计思路,要求湿地公园桥梁设计必须落实环境融入理念,努力设计实现功用性和环境融合性相得益彰的景观桥梁,彰显人与自然和谐相处理念,设计实现既体现人文关怀也体现环境关怀的现代湿地景区桥梁。     

城郊公路的景观设计分析

城郊公路景观有益于城市品位的提升。结合襄隆路改造,对城郊公路景观设计进行研究,从功能需求角度分析了城郊公路的特殊性,从路线设计、景观层次、城郊衔接等多方面提出设计要点。     

常州市机动车驾驶执照考验场总体布局

常州市机动车驾驶执照考验场是一个集道路、桥梁、建筑、景观为一体的大型综合性设计项目。项目选址在一个长期采石的丘陵地带 ,地形复杂。我们在反复踏勘和大量调研的基础上 ,根据考验场的功能要求 ,从源于现状而高于现状的宗旨出发 ,对项目的总体布局进行了深入的探讨 ,以求在宏观上准确地把握住设计方向。     

浅谈新理念、新技术在山西高速公路环保景观绿化设计中的应用

以目前国内高速公路环保景观绿化最新研究成果为基础,通过总结近些年山西高速公路环保景观绿化设计的现状及问题,并根据山西高速公路发展的需要,分析得出新理念、新技术在山西高速公路环保景观绿化设计中的应用重点和发展前景,这对今后山西高速公路环保景观绿化设计工作具有较好的借鉴意义。     

公路桥梁景观设计的新理念与趋势

结合工程实践,从分析桥梁景观的功能、作用及特点入手,论述桥梁景观设计的现状、设计方法及发展趋势,对桥梁景观设计有参考意义。     

风景名胜区景观价值评价理论(Ⅰ):指标体系构建

通过对风景名胜区的现场调查及资料收集检索、研究分析,结合相关地区社会经济发展需求,根据景观价值评价指标体系的构建原则,设计了景观价值评价指标体系建立流程图;对各方面的指标进行筛选、科学性测验,定性分析与定量分析有机融合,构建完整的风景名胜区景观价值评价指标体系;确立完善的景观价值评价指标等级及评分标准.