挡土墙基础基底应力重分布分析

有关挡土墙基础基底应力重分布计算的问题在一些书中已有相关论述,但都仅对计算公式作出解释。对挡土墙基底应力重分布的发生背景、重分布后应力的大小和分布范围、应力重分布的工程意义等方面进行探讨。     

公路客运运力结构配置

运力配置合适与否不仅关系到客运企业经济效益的好坏,而且也是评价客运方式服务质量和服务水平的一项重要指标,并将直接影响其市场占有率。研究运力配置对公路客运企业、对客运消费者及区域经济都有很大意义。在对高速公路客运运力影响因素充分分析基础上,通过对公路客运量预测影响因素进行分析,建立了公路客运量预测模型,对未来目标年的客运需求量进行了预测、计算,确定运力结构配置方案。     

船舶调度闸外编排算法

为了提高船闸的通过能力,优化船舶进闸调度,分析了三峡船闸船舶的平均过闸间隔时间,提出了闸外编排的概念,分析了船舶在进闸调度中的操作流程,以安全性和进闸耗时为目标,建立了闸外编排的数学模型,设计了相应的启发式求解算法,将模型的目标和约束条件通过启发式方法生成船舶在闸外的排序法则。数值试验分析结果表明闸外编排数学模型切实可行,排序算法可以生成安全高效的进闸方案,闸外编排的实现考虑了船舶进闸时间和安全性原则,缩短了闸次间隔时间,提高了日开闸次数,有效地提高了通航设施的整体通过能力。     

预应力混凝土梁超载能力分析

为了验证利用有限元法分析预应力混凝土梁极限承载能力的准确性,对T形预应力混凝土模型梁进行了极限承载力加载破坏试验,采用ANSYS有限元程序,建立了T梁的分离式有限元模型,分析了模型梁从加载到破坏全过程的受力和变形。发现利用实验与有限元法得到T梁的荷载-挠度曲线与荷载-应变曲线的变化趋势一致,并呈现良好的非线性,但是通过荷载试验得到T梁的超载能力为9.07 kN.m,按照有限元分析得到的超载能力为12.48 kN.m,偏差较大,原因是分析模型偏于理想化。分析结果表明:利用有限元法在总体上能够有效地模拟钢筋混凝土梁受力全过程中各个量的非线性变化,对超载能力的求解是可行的。     

对现行公路桥梁承载能力鉴定方法的几点探讨

随着公路交通运输逐渐形成高速、重载、大流量的现代格局,对公路桥梁的安全性与适用性提出了更高的要求.因此,正确和科学地评价公路桥梁结构的承载能力和工作性能,对于确保其安全使用、规范其技术鉴定行为和积累旧桥养护、维修和技术改造的相关经验具有十分重要的作用.     

具有接触特性的推力轴承壳体的有限元分析

利用非线性有限元软件Marc对大型推力轴承的壳体进行了接触有限元分析,给出了壳体在最大负载下的变形数据,并与实测值进行了比较.根据计算分析结果,进一步对推力轴承壳体提出了改进方案.文中还就接触界面的网格协调性对接触分析结果的影响进行了探讨.     

隔振器和垫板贴合率的测量方法研究

在机械隔振系统中,采用传统的蓝油法和塞尺法都无法较完整地反映金属隔振器与垫板间的接触状况。考虑到金属间的贴合程度主要由组件所受的压力及两接触面物理特性所决定,研究提出了一种用于检测垫板和金属隔振器贴合率的工程实用测量方法,并通过多样本试验,证实了方法的可行性。该方法操作简便,检测结果可信。     

A practical capacity model of a single track line

The paper presents a model for determining the practical capacity of a single track line, i.e. the maximum number of trains which can be run along it in a time unit under the condition that each train enters its bottleneck segment with a definite delay.

The input data used in the model are: geometrical characteristics of the bottleneck segment of the line under study, the intensity and structure of demand expressed by a number of trains which are run over the line in a given time unit, the scenario of traffic running over the line under study and the operational tactics of individual train categories processing on the bottleneck segment.

(Two tactics can be applied in the train processing on the line under study; first, the trains of individual categories are given different priorities in the processing, and second, all the trains have the same priority).

The output results of the model are average delays of trains of each category occurring within the train processing performed on the bottleneck segment of the line under study in a given time unit.     

Use of combinatorial auctions in the railway industry: Can the “invisible hand” draw the railway timetable?

Rail capacity is currently administratively allocated in Europe, whereas the economic literature has often contemplated the opportunity of introducing market mechanisms, auctions in particular, into this industry. This article tries to fill the gap between practice and theory. It first describes the properties of rail capacity (rigidity and non-homogeneity) and shows that because of its very nature, this capacity must be allocated through combinatorial auctions. As identified by the economic literature, using combinatorial auctions introduces a lot of complexity (winner determination and information burden) into the allocation process. To deal with this complexity, some form of centralized planning is necessary to design the right market mechanisms and to allocate capacity. This could have strong consequences on the current deregulation process.