双侧壁导坑法在大断面黄土隧道塌方中的应用

大断面黄土隧道发生大型坍塌时采用了双侧壁导坑法对其进行了处理,并一次性通过塌方段。这种隧道塌方处理方法为今后类似工程提供参考和借鉴。     

Dynamic performances of an innovative coupler used in heavy haul trains

An innovative structure for a heavy haul coupler with an arc surface contact and restoring bumpstop is proposed. This coupler has a small lateral force at a small yaw angle and a limitable yaw angle to ensure an allowable coupler lateral force under intense compressive force. The main structural characteristic of the combined contact coupler is a lateral movable follower with an appropriate friction coefficient of 0.06–0.08 and a slide block with a single freedom of longitudinal movement. In order to verify and simulate the performances, a multi-body dynamics model with four heavy haul locomotives and three detailed couplers was established to simulate the process of emergency braking. In addition, the coupler yaw instability and wheel set lateral forces were tested in order to investigate the effect of relevant parameters on the coupler performances. The combined contact coupler is suitable for heavy haul train for a good dynamic performance.     

A lateral driver model for vehicle–driver closed-loop simulation at the limits of handling

This paper presents a lateral driver model for vehicle–driver closed-loop simulation at the limits of handling. An appropriate driver model can be used to evaluate the performance of vehicle chassis control systems via computer simulations before vehicle tests which incurs expenses especially at the limits of handling. The driver model consists of two parts. The first part is an upper-level controller employing force-based approach to reduce the number of unknown vehicle parameters. The feedforward part of the upper controller has been designed by using the centre of percussion. The feedback part aims to minimise ‘tangential error’, defined as the sum of body slip angle and yaw error, to match vehicle direction and road heading angle. The part is designed to regenerate an appropriate skid motion similar to that of a professional driver at the limits. The second part is a lower-level controller which converts the desired front lateral force to steering wheel angle. The lower-level controller also consists of feedforward and feedback parts. A two-degree-of-freedom bicycle model-based feedforward part provides nominal steering wheel angle, and the feedback part aims to eliminate unmodelled error. The performance of the lateral driver model has been investigated via computer simulations. It has been shown that the steering behaviours of the proposed driver model are quite close to those of a professional driver at the limits. Compared with the previously developed lateral driver models, the proposed lateral driver model shows good tracking performance at the limits of handling.     

A modified integral sliding mode control to lateral stabilisation of 4-wheel independent drive electric vehicles

This paper presents a novel sliding mode controller (SMC) and its application in the lateral stability control of a 4-wheel independent drive electric vehicle. The structure of the SMC is modified and online-tuned to ensure vehicle system stability, and to track the desired vehicle motion references when an in-wheel motor fault happens. The proposed controller is faster, more accurate, more robust, and with smaller chattering than common SMCs chatter. The effectiveness of the introduced approach is investigated through conducted simulations in the CARSIM and MATLAB software environments.     

铁道车辆板梁结构多方案对比分析

为合理处理铁道车辆车体上的板梁组合结构,解决车体结构分析中典型的板梁偏心连接问题,构建了偏心节点的节点位移关系式,利用APDL语言实现了批量约束方程的施加;并根据ANSYS软件中梁单元、板单元、实体单元的基本特征构造了5种板梁组合结构模型,对它们进行了有限元分析及对比.研究结果表明:对于同一典型的板梁结构,用板梁偏心组合建模(单点约束)方案得到的模型与用实体建模方案得到的模型有限元分析结果比较接近,用全板壳建模的两种方案均相对实体单元模型约束稍强,而用板梁偏心组合建模(双点约束)方案得到的模型则约束过强;同时采用板梁组合建模的模型单元数和节点数相对较少,可以节省计算机时,降低计算费用.     

偏压荷载对箱型明洞受力影响及设计要点

为研究偏压荷载对箱型明洞结构受力影响，为该类明洞结构的设计提供理论依据，以某道路开孔箱型明洞工程为例，采用ANSYS有限元数值模拟方法进行计算分析,综合研究结果表明： 1）偏压回填箱型明洞靠山侧墙底部和外侧墙顶部受力较大，设计配筋时需要加强； 2）靠山侧墙背回填土侧压力对明洞结构受力影响较大，改善回填材料内摩擦角大小可以有效降低明洞结构内力，当内摩擦角增大到47°时最为经济； 3）可以通过在明洞洞顶回填EPE的方式减轻洞顶冲击荷载，降低明洞内力，最优回填厚度为0.9 m。     

基于预期偏移距离的人机权值分配策略研究

针对智能车辆横向运动控制中驾驶员和辅助系统的控制权限冲突问题,本文中提出一种人机权值分配策略。采用车辆在预瞄点处的预期偏移距离(PDLC)衡量车道偏离危险度,预期偏移距离通过对预瞄偏差修正获取。权值分配函数设计时以PDLC为自变量,以保证驾驶员的权值为优先控制目标,以一定的横向运动控制精度为先决条件。在CarSim/Simulink联合仿真平台和CarSim/Labview RT硬件在环实验台上对提出的控制策略进行了实验验证和数据分析。结果表明,采用权值分配策略协调驾驶员和辅助系统的控制,可在有效跟踪理想道路中心线的前提下保证驾驶员的控制权值,降低其工作负荷以及纠正驾驶员的误操作行为。     

机械化施工大断面高铁隧道围岩压力测试及分布特征研究

为了解机械化施工大断面隧道围岩压力的变化规律和分布特征,依托郑万高速铁路湖北段大型机械化施工隧道群,开展大量围岩压力现场监测,根据测试结果对Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级深埋条件下围岩压力变化规律和分布特征进行分析,并与规范荷载进行对比。结果表明： 1）围岩压力监测数据从21~27 d开始稳定; 2）实测围岩压力小于《铁路隧道设计规范》深埋隧道计算荷载; 3）Ⅳ级深埋条件下,侧压力系数为规范荷载侧压力系数的1.2~2.4倍; 4）Ⅴ级深埋条件下,侧压力系数为规范侧压力系数的0.86~1.43倍。     

考虑侧向位移的路堤沉降分析

为弥补公路路堤沉降预测中各现有模型存在的不足,并有效控制高路堤在建设期的稳定性,提出了基于等体积法的路堤侧向位移沉降模型,并推导出了计算公式.采用该公式对高速公路试验段长达1 a的沉降和侧向位移观测数据进行分析计算.结果表明,由侧向位移产生的沉降量约占总沉降量的20%;侧向位移产生的沉降也并非瞬时能完成,也能延续相当长...     

青岛海湾大桥大直径深嵌岩桩承载特性试验分析

对青岛海湾大桥4根大直径嵌岩桩,利用自平衡测试技术进行静载荷测试,分析了大直径深嵌岩桩(嵌岩比大于3)的承载特性-—荷载位移曲线、侧摩阻力与位移的关系、以及侧阻力与端阻力的分担比等,并与三种规范对比,分析了不同规范的取值大小及存在问题。对比分析了自平衡测试与锚桩法测试结果,为该地区大直径深嵌岩桩基承载力的确定提供依据。