Airport privatization in congested hub–spoke networks

This paper investigates the airport privatization issue. One congested hub and two linked local airports serve symmetric hub carriers. Passengers valuate the congestion delay cost and benefit from greater frequencies. The government considers privatizing either the hub or local airports. We find that in each privatizing scenario, welfare-maximizing public airport(s) set a charge below their operating costs in order to fully coordinate the high charge of privatized airport(s). If this fiscal deficit is not allowed, each scenario causes distortion. Interestingly, the distortion—and hence welfare losses—in privatizing a hub are smaller (larger) than those in privatizing both local airports when both passengers’ valuations are small (large); this is exactly the case when privatized local airports are strategic substitutes (complements). We also surprisingly find that retaining the hub airport as public and privatizing one or both local airports achieves the same market outcomes. We further find that if all airports are privatized, welfare becomes worse than the other scenarios; the hub airport charges lower (higher) prices than local airports when both local airports are strategic substitutes (complements).     

地铁运营对古建筑物振动响应影响分析

以南昌地铁1号线诱发的环境振动对"八一起义纪念馆"影响为工程背景,运用傅里叶变换法和有限元软件ANSYS,分别建立列车-轨道结构双层梁模型和大地-建筑物有限元模型。以水平速度为评价指标,仿真分析轮轨竖向力作用以及竖向力和横向力共同作用对古建筑物的振动影响。计算结果表明,地铁引起的建筑物振动为低频振动;随着楼层的增加,建筑物水平振动逐渐增大;横向力对建筑物的振动能量分布没有影响,对水平振动有一定的影响,其中对x方向影响较大;该建筑物振动没有超过标准。     

Coupler jackknifing and derailments of locomotives on tangent track

A number of derailments occurred in recent years due to coupler jackknifing, some of them were reported on tangent tracks where conventionally thought to be the safer sections. This article studied coupler jackknifing behaviour and its implications for locomotive safety on tangent tracks from the experience of China heavy haul. Three types of coupler systems were modelled and simulated regarding coupler jackknifing behaviour. Two typical locomotive derailments occurred on tangent tracks were analysed. From the derailment experience, coupler angle self-lock behaviour was introduced and simulated. An approach to determine coupler angles in the jackknifed position was derived and validated with a self-coded program and SIMPACK. Methods to prevent coupler jackknifing were also evaluated with regard to locomotive stability.     

满堂支架法直腹板现浇箱梁横向抗推研究

满堂支架法作为一种成熟的施工技术手段,目前被大量应用于城市桥梁现浇主梁的施工项目中.具有施工方便、周转时间短和辅助设备少的优点.但对于直腹板现浇箱梁,尤其是主梁较窄的现浇箱梁,由于混凝土侧压力、倾倒混凝土产生的水平荷载以及振捣产生的水平荷载存在,使得腹板处支架存在较大的水平推力,导致整个结构处于危险状态.以某工程项目为依托,提出了两种解决方案,通过调整斜撑布置形式对结构受力状态进行改善.结果 表明,两种方案均可有效降低水平推力作用下造成结构局部应力集中的现象,有利于不利荷载均匀向整个支架结构传递.     

Lateral dynamics emulation via a four-wheel steering vehicle

In this paper, we examine the lateral dynamics emulation capabilities of an automotive vehicle equipped with four-wheel steering. We first demonstrate that the lateral dynamics of a wide range of vehicles can be emulated, either with little or with no modification on the test vehicle. Then we discuss a sliding mode controller for active front and rear wheel steering, in order to track some given yaw rate and side-slip angle. Analytically, it is shown that the proposed controller is robust to plant parameter variations by±10%, and is invariant to unmeasurable wind disturbance. The performance of the sliding mode controller is evaluated via computer simulations to verify its robustness to vehicle parameter variations and delay in the loop, and its insensitivity to wind disturbance. Finally, the emulation of a bus, a van, and two commercially available passenger vehicles is demonstrated in an advanced nonlinear simulator.     

铁路矩形墩桥梁横向振动试验研究

通过对京通线银镇沟桥的现场振动测试 ,得到该桥的横向振动特性 ,给出桥上列车轮轨作用力的典型时程曲线和列车的脱轨系数及轮重减载率 ,为进一步研究矩形桥墩的横向振动提供实测数据。     

路基堆载下软土侧移对桥台桩基影响研究综述

根据国内外文献,综述现有路基堆载下软土侧向位移对桥台桩基影响的研究概况,着重介绍了桥台桩基在路基堆载下的变形规律试验、路堤下覆软土侧移对桩身的极限侧压力计算方法以及桩土相互作用计算方法等的研究成果,简要论述了存在的问题及今后进一步研究的方向。     

大直径深嵌岩桩的承载特性与桩长设计研究

基于自平衡桩基测试技术,根据荆岳长江公路大桥一桩的静载荷试验,对其泥质岩地区大直径钻孔嵌岩桩,在嵌岩深度较大情况下的承载特性进行了研究。结果表明:大直径深长嵌岩桩桩顶的Q-S曲线主要是缓变型为主,属摩擦型桩。根据实测的桩侧荷载位移曲线,利用荷载传递法,研究了桩端缩短5,10m两种情况下桩顶的荷载大小及其相应的位移情况,为桩长的设计提供了依据。     

京沪高速铁路凤阳试验段旁压试验与分析

为研究京沪高速铁路路基的沉降变形规律,在凤阳试验段DK854+680和DK854+740工点开展旁压试验,探求路基下深厚粘土的物理力学性质。旁压试验表明,凤阳老粘土基本承载力为429.06～437.89MPa,旁压模量Em为21.50～23.65MPa。对比该段土层室内土工试验,静力触探以及旁压试验的结果,说明室内土工试验得到的压缩模量偏小,试验数据不合理;旁压试验和静力触探数据较为一致,数据可直接用于工程设计。     

T形梁桥加固前后力学性能分析

以京广线某特大桥为背景,对T型梁桥加固前后的力学性能进行分析研究。针对桥梁存在的问题,通过加强桥梁横向联系和加大桥墩截面尺寸的方式对桥梁进行加固,并建立加固前后的空间有限元模型,对桥梁加固前后的横向刚度和竖向刚度进行对比分析。