锈蚀光圆钢筋混凝土受弯构件受力性能试验研究

进行了21根钢筋混凝土梁试件的试验,考察了钢筋锈蚀程度、钢筋直径等因素对配光圆钢筋混凝土梁力学性能的影响,分析了不同钢筋锈蚀率下混凝土梁破坏形态和承载能力的变化规律,讨论了钢筋-混凝土间黏结退化对构件承载性能的影响。试验结果表明:光圆钢筋的锈蚀致使钢筋截面积减小,拉伸强度降低,从而使锈蚀梁的承载能力下降;另一方面钢筋与混凝土之间的黏结退化也致使受弯结构的力学性能退化,但在钢筋达到屈服的条件下,钢筋与混凝土间黏结退化不是致使结构承载力降低的主要因素,对构件屈强比等性能也未产生显著影响。     

Driver behavior formulation in intersection dilemma zones with phone use distraction via a logit-Bayesian network hybrid approach

Use of cellular phone while driving is one of the top contributing factors that induce traffic crashes, resulting in significant loss of life and property. A dilemma zone is a circumstance near signalized intersections where drivers hesitate when making decisions related to their driving behaviors. Therefore, the dilemma zone has been identified as an area with high crash potential. This article utilizes a logit-based Bayesian network (BN) hybrid approach to investigate drivers' decision patterns in a dilemma zone with phone use, based on experimental data from driving simulations from the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). Using a logit regression model, five variables were found to be significant in predicting drivers' decisions in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks: older drivers (50–60 years old), yellow signal length, time to stop line, handheld phone tasks, and driver gender. The identified significant variables were then used to train a BN model to predict drivers' decisions at a dilemma zone and examine probabilistic impacts of these variables on drivers' decisions. The analysis results indicate that the trained BN model was effective in driver decision prediction and variable influence extraction. It was found that older drivers, a short yellow signal, a short time to stop line, nonhandheld phone tasks, and female drivers are factors that tend to result in drivers proceeding through intersections in a dilemma zone with phone use distraction. These research findings provide insight in understanding driver behavior patterns in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks.     

Factors with the greatest influence on drivers' judgment of roundabouts safety. An analysis based on web survey in Italy

The aim of this paper is to identify the roundabout geometric characteristics affecting the safety perception while the typical maneuvers (entry, circulation, exit) are being carried out. The tool used was an on-line questionnaire, filled out by about 1.650 respondents. Four different dimensionality reduction methods (Cluster Analysis, Correspondence Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis) were used to analyze the data collected from the survey, in order to examine the key factors affecting the safety perception during the typical roundabout maneuvers. The considerations arising from the final model are the following: 1) the respondents' opinions regarding the safety perception of maneuvers are not preconceived ideas, but they originate from specific safety perceptions due to roundabout geometric configurations; 2) the users prefer definitely single lane roundabouts; this is an important confirmation of most results in the literature; 3) it was quantified the extent of the relationship between the safety perception of the typical roundabout maneuvers and the following aspects: a) maneuver type, b) geometric characteristics of the roundabouts design elements. This is the innovative aspect of the present research whose results have implications regarding theory, infrastructure and the application of new safety technologies.     

自动驾驶中视觉次任务对年轻驾驶人接管时间的影响

为了了解有条件的自动驾驶中,年轻驾驶人的接管反应特性,分析视觉次任务（3×3箭头次任务和4×4箭头次任务）和接管请求时间（TTC为5 s和7 s）对不同接管时间的影响,基于驾驶仿真平台,设计了包含不同的视觉次任务和接管请求时间的自动驾驶接管场景,针对29名年轻驾驶人进行模拟驾驶试验。使用双因素方差分析来研究不同次任务与不同接管请求时间对接管时间的影响,以及使用Pearson相关性检验来分析不同接管时间的相关性。研究结果表明：与无次任务相比,次任务会显著增加接管时间;不同的次任务对接管时间无影响,次任务与前方有障碍物时的接管请求时间对接管时间无交互作用;与前方无障碍物时的接管相比,前方有障碍物时的接管会显著减少接管反应时间;在驾驶人执行次任务的情况下,不同接管请求时间对转向反应时间和制动反应时间无影响;在前方有障碍物的接管中,驾驶人更倾向于采用制动加转向的组合操作来回避风险,且驾驶人接管回避操作中直接转向和制动加转向的组合操作的比例相同;接管反应时间与制动反应时间有较强的相关性。     

5-羟色胺转运体基因多态性和抑郁症的发病、性别、严重程度及自杀行为的相关性

目的探讨中国汉族人群5-羟色胺转运体启动区(5-HTTLPR)基因多态性和抑郁症的发病、性别、严重程度及自杀是否相关。方法应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增技术测定150例抑郁症患者和150例正常对照者的5-HT-TLPR基因型和等位基因,分别验证各种基因型与中、重度抑郁症发病、性别及自杀行为的相关性。结果病例组SS、LS基因型及S等位基因频率均高于对照组(26.0% vs.20.0%;52.7% vs.46.0%;52.3% vs.43.0%;P均<0.05);两组性别分层比较,女性S等位基因频率高于对照组(55.3% vs.43.6%,P<0.05);病例组严重程度分层比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病例组有无自杀行为分层比较,有自杀行为患者SS基因型频率(37.3% vs.20.2%)及S等位基因频率(61.8% vs.47.5%)均高于无自杀行为患者(P<0.05);抑郁自杀组性别分层比较未显示显著性差异(P>0.05);抑郁自杀组病情程度分层比较,重度抑郁自杀者SS基因型频率(42.5% vs.18.2%)及S等位基因频率(68.7% vs.36.4%)均高于中度抑郁自杀者(P<0.05)。结论在中国汉族人群中,5-HTTLPR多态性和抑郁症相关。S等位基因可能是抑郁症的易感基因,特别是女性,SS型可能是抑郁症易感基因型;S等位基因可能是抑郁症患者自杀的危险基因,SS基因型人群可能是抑郁症患者自杀的危险人群,特别是携带S等位基因的重度抑郁症患者更易自杀。     

基于单调关联系统的驾驶行为可靠度计算方法

为合理评估驾驶员驾驶行为的可靠性, 提出了驾驶行为可靠度计算方法, 将人机系统可靠性理论与驾驶行为链相结合, 构建了基于感知、判断、操作元件及模块组的驾驶行为可靠性框图, 确定了单项器官元件可靠度测试与计算方法, 运用单调关联系统理论给出了功能模块可靠度及驾驶行为系统可靠度的量化模型, 计算了模型中各生理、心理元件概率重要度, 分析了其对驾驶行为的影响度。计算结果表明: 事故组与非事故组间行为可靠性存在明显差异, 非事故组的可靠性整体大于事故组, 但整体可靠性呈下降趋势, 事故组驾驶员整体操作稳定性较差; 生理因素对驾驶行为可靠度影响度前期较大后期较小, 而心理因素则相反。     

路基拓宽工程中桩承式加筋路堤处理的数值分析

为掌握拓宽路堤荷载作用下桩承式加筋路堤的工作特性及其处理效果,建立了三维有限元分析模型,采用土水耦合单元模拟地基土,三维薄膜单元模拟土工格栅,并基于接触单元考虑桩土界面的状态非线性,从土拱效应、土工格栅的拉膜效应以及桩土作用等方面验证了桩承式加筋路堤的工作机理。计算结果表明:土工格栅最大拉力发生在原坡脚位置的桩帽边缘处,外侧桩帽边缘的格栅应力逐渐减小;桩承式加筋路堤可使地表不均匀沉降由50.0 cm减小为8.3 cm,超孔隙水压力由63.7 kPa下降为11.0 kPa,并避免了老路基顶面出现的反坡现象,但在老路基处仍出现了较大的地基沉降和超孔隙水压力,故应充分重视老路边坡位置的地基处理。     

交叉口行人过街心理及交通行为分析

行人与机动车的冲突是影响交叉口运行效率的重要因素。研究交叉口行人过街心理及行为的意义,分析行人过街过程及心理特征,总结行人过街等待时间、穿行速度特征、可接受间隙、违章行为及道路交通环境对行人心理和行为的影响,对行人的违章心理进行论述,并提出减少行人违章的措施。     

Travel Behavior Analysis of the Females in Beijing

In urban life, compared with the same age group of male contrast, the statistical indicators of female travel behavior show significant differences. According to the sample data of Beijing 2005 travel survey, the paper analyzes the female travel behavior in the travel rate, travel consumption, trip purpose, and travel mode. Furthermore, the paper introduces the concept of the trip chain, to construct a female morning commuter trip chain choice behavior model with noncollection theories and methods, to analyze 10 factors that influence a female individual's choice of a trip chain from the source. Subsequently, model parameters are estimated, to calculate the incidents that can help to quantitatively understand the impact of each factor on a female's choice of the trip chain. The results show that the travel rate of elderly women is far lower than that of elderly men. Female travel proportion in shopping and social activities is obviously higher than that of male travelers, and factors related to the structure of families create important constraints in their average travel time consumption. The main travel mode of the female is walking, which is far more than that of a male. Age, whether they hold licenses, monthly income, and transport ownership are dominant factors for the female's choice of the trip chain.     

基于奖罚措施的小汽车通勤者出行行为研究

奖赏和惩罚措施是解决交通拥堵问题的重要措施,本文基于在北京市的调查,进行 2 种措施下出行选择行为的探索研究,得出奖励措施会使更多的小汽车通勤者转向非高峰出 行,而收费措施对于使其放弃小汽车出行效果更好.基于前景理论的分析显示：奖励措施下,大 部分出行者的方式选择为“收益”;而收费措施下,大部分出行者面临“损失”,不同群体在出行 选择时呈现不同的风险偏好态度.在引导小汽车高峰出行向错峰出行转移时,奖励措施比较适 用于中等收入群体,收费措施比较适用于中高收入群体;在引导小汽车高峰出行向其他方式转 移时,2种措施对低收入群体效果更好.以上结论可为交通需求管理政策的制定提供一些参考.