中长周期波浪条件下船舶航迹带宽度研究

针对现行《海港总平面设计规范》中航迹带宽度计算在中长周期波浪条件下存在的不足,对比分析国外航道规范中的研究成果,并通过船舶操纵模拟试验等技术手段,运用船舶外缘包络线法统计分析了不同航速、不同吨级的散货船在各种中长周期波工况下的航迹带宽度,给出了中长周期波浪条件下的波浪附加宽度参考值,并与国外规范中的设计取值进行了对比.     

大型水面舰艇生命力快速评估方法研究

大型水面舰艇的生命力评估对于预见风险,采取措施减小生命力损失,提高作战能力具有重要意义。针对其体积庞大的特点,从强度角度入手采用类似于损管的分块方法,将主船体分为若干区域,沿船长及高度方向设定不同分块的参数。随机模拟被击中的位置以及武器数量和种类,计算相应情况下的破坏程度。设立评判准则分析生命力损失的情况,并且计算发生概率。通过以上措施,初步形成了快速评估生命力的方法,可以迅速地对大型水面舰艇的生命力状况做出估计,便于软件实现和应用。     

输入扰动对波动鳍推进性能影响的研究

输入扰动对波动鳍推进性能影响是一个新兴的研究领域。本文分析了高频率、小幅度和短波长的正弦波形叠加于波动鳍上时对波动鳍推进力的影响。建立运动学模型,利用四面体网格对计算区域进行划分,采用非耦合隐式求解器求解非定常不可压缩N-S方程和连续性方程。给出计算条件,并对算法给予验证。比较等波幅和变波幅两种正弦扰动波形下,波动鳍的无量纲阻力系数、阻力系数均值以及涡量场随周期(0.05 s、0.1 s、0.3 s、0.5 s、0.8 s)、幅度(0.0008 m、0.001 m、0.0015 m)和波长(0.002 m、0.008 m、0.012 m)的变化情况,从涡动力学角度对该影响进行解释。结果显示:输入扰动不仅影响了波动鳍前缘涡的传递,并对波动鳍周边及尾迹区域漩涡数量和强度产生了改变。除在特定条件外,输入扰动对波动鳍推进力产生负面影响,变波幅扰动的影响要大于等波幅情况。该研究可为波动鳍选择合适参数的输入扰动以提高推进力提供参考。     

基于结果导向的绿色公路评价指标体系研究

本文在梳理绿色公路建设历程的基础上,结合绿色公路提出的时代背景、发展要求及目前评价指标体系存在的问题,借鉴目标管理法(MBO)突出结果导向,面向全寿命周期的三个阶段,从"资源节约"、"生态环保"、"低碳减排"、"智慧高效"等方面构建了包括4个一级指标、25个二级指标的绿色公路评价指标体系。     

土基模量对沥青路面性能影响分析

从沥青路面结构层施工质量控制、半刚性基层反射裂缝扩展、路面疲劳寿命三个方面分析了土基模量对半刚性基层沥青路面性能的影响规律,提出了沥青路面土基模量的合理设计和施工控制措施。     

公路基本建设项目设计阶段工程造价控制

公路工程造价控制,是工程项目管理的重要内容。文章分析了在公路基本建设项目设计阶段控制工程造价的重要性,阐述了设计阶段工程造价控制的必要条件,提出了对公路基本建设项目工程造价进行有效控制的措施。     

Ecologically based hybrid life cycle analysis of continuously reinforced concrete and hot-mix asphalt pavements

An ecologically-based hybrid life cycle assessment model is used to evaluate the resource consumption and atmospheric emissions of continuously reinforced concrete and a hot-mix asphalt pavements. The cumulative mass and ecological resource consumption values are lower for continuously reinforced concrete, but the median values of cumulative energy and industrial energy consumption were lower for hot-mix asphalt. In addition, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement results in a higher sensitivity for the ecological resource consumption of hot-mix asphalt compared to that of fly ash when use on the natural capital utilization of continuously reinforced concrete pavement. The cumulative and industrial exergy consumption values are significantly reduced with increases in reclaimed asphalt pavement and fly ash, and the use of low fuel transportation modes.     

Empirical analysis of short period traffic counts and their efficiency: the case of Indian traffic

Short period traffic counts (SPTCs) are conducted routinely to estimate the annual average daily traffic (AADT) at a particular site. This paper uses Indian traffic volume data to methodically and extensively study the effect of four aspects related to the design of SPTCs. These four aspects are: (i) for how long, (ii) on which days should SPTCs be carried out, (iii) how many times, and (iv) on which months should SPTCs be carried out? The analyses indicate that the best durations for conducting SPTCs are 3 days (starting with a Thursday) and 7 days, for total traffic and truck traffic, respectively. Further, these counts should be repeated twice a year keeping a separation of two months between the counts to obtain good estimates of AADT at minimal cost. An additional outcome of this study has been the determination of seasonal factor values for roads in developing economies, like India.     

Factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children (aged 0–4): a review of the literature

Life events, such as the birth of a child, disrupt habitual travel behaviour and provide a valuable opportunity to influence the adoption of sustainable transport practices. However, in order for sustainable travel practices to be adopted, an understanding is required of the factors that influence travel mode choice among families with young children. Research in this field is particularly timely given many in the millennial generation, a comparably large cohort, are approaching this life stage. This comprehensive literature review develops a framework of factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children. The findings reveal a multitude of factors influence decisions about mode choice, and, in particular, encourage travel by car, when travelling with young children. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research about travel among families with young children, a largely overlooked group of transport users.     

利用数学模型进行港内长周期波浪风险分析

针对港内长周期波风险问题,使用MIKE 21 BW模型建立了港内波浪传播数学模型。模型的构建使用了白噪谱和天然波况作为入射波浪条件。基于白噪谱的模拟结果,使用数字滤波技术分析了港池固有共振周期,并给出了相应共振周期下的水面高程和能量密度分布;基于天然波况的模拟结果,提取了泊位处的波高时间序列,以30 s为界限,分离出了长周期波。以西非某港为例,探讨了港池的长波风险,模拟结果可作为港池布局的参考依据。