Dynamic model for ride comfort evaluations of the rubber-tired light rail vehicle

The dynamic model was developed to evaluate vibration accelerations and ride comforts during the running of the Korean-standardised rubber-tired light rail vehicle. Ride comfort indexes were analysed and tested in accordance with UIC 513R by using the dynamic model and the actual vehicle in the test track. Based on the comparisons between analysis results and test results, the validity of the developed dynamic model was evaluated. It was verified whether or not the developed Korean-standardised rubber-tired light rail vehicle met the specified target specification on ride comfort. In addition, the influence of the wearing of guide wheels on ride comfort was estimated.     

轻型悬索桥的调查与分析

轻型悬索桥在我国的河谷山涧地区以及城市人行桥中应用较广泛,但对其结构设计特点尚未有较系统的总结。文中在大量收集国内已建轻型悬索桥资料的基础上,从桥跨、加劲梁以及主索等方面分析总结其设计特点,包括轻型悬索桥的适用跨径、桥跨布置特点,加劲梁的截面形式、高跨比,主索材料、垂跨比和锚固形式等。     

FTGS轨道电路继电器监测方案探究

针对广州地铁1号线FTG S轨道电路出现粉红光带或红光带故障情况,分析轨道电路继电器引起故障的原因,描述一种轨道电路继电器监测方案,给出了设计原理和实现方法。     

SBR法在天津港污水处理中心化学污水处理工程中的应用

介绍天津港化学污水处理工程的污水水源、水质及为实现处理方案而作的试验室试验情况，最后采用SBR法处理化学污水，主要指标达到国家三废排放标准。     

Environmental invitingness for transport-related cycling in middle-aged adults: A proof of concept study using photographs

IntroductionCurrent evidence on associations between modifiable environmental characteristics and transport-related cycling remains inconsistent. Most studies on these associations used questionnaires to determine environmental perceptions, but such tools may be subject to bias due to unreliable recall. Moreover, questionnaires only measure separate environmental characteristics, while real environments are a combination of different characteristics. To overcome these limitations, the present proof of concept study used panoramic photographs of cycling environments to capture direct responses to the physical environment. We examined which depicted environmental characteristics were associated to environments’ invitingness for transportation cycling. Furthermore, interactions with gender and participants’ cycling behavior were examined.MethodsFifty-nine middle-aged adults were recruited through purposeful convenience sampling. During a home visit, participants took part in a structured interview assessing demographics and PA during the preceding seven days, followed by an intuitive choice task and a (cognitive) rating task, which both measured 40 photographed environments’ invitingness to cycle along. Multi-level cross-classified analyses were conducted using MLwiN 2.26.ResultsBoth tasks’ multivariate results showed that presence of vegetation was identified as the most important environmental characteristic to invite people for engaging in transportation cycling, even when the amount of vegetation was relatively small. In the bivariate analyzes, some differences between results of the cognitive rating task and the intuitive choice task were found, showing that invitingness measured by the rating task was associated with environmental maintenance and cycling infrastructure, whereas invitingness determined by the choice task was associated with more traffic-oriented characteristics. Moreover, only for the choice task’s results, moderating effects of gender and participants’ cycling behavior in the preceding week were observed.ConclusionThe present study provides proof of concept that capturing people’s less cognitive, more intuitive responses to an environment’s invitingness for transport-related cycling may be important for revealing environment-behavior associations. If replicated in future studies using larger samples, results of our innovative measurements with photographs, especially those on vegetation, can complete the existing knowledge on which environmental characteristics are important for transportation cycling in adults and could form a basis to inform health promoters and local policy makers. However, future studies replicating our study method in larger samples and other population subgroups are highly encouraged. Moreover, causal relationships should be explored.     

Dynamic diurnal social taxonomy of urban environments using data from a geocoded time use activity-travel diary and point-based business establishment inventory

In this paper, we explore the diurnal dynamics of joint activity participation in a small city in Pennsylvania, USA, using behavioral data and an inventory of business establishments. We account for the variation caused by the collective impact of social, temporal and spatial choices of individuals to produce predicted space–time visualizations of activity participation. The focus is on how social contexts of an activity impact the temporal and spatial decisions regarding the activity locations and how this impact varies depending on activity types. A comparison across activity types and social interaction types is made among spatial patterns during a day. The CentreSIM dataset, which is a household-based activity diary survey collected in Centre County (Pennsylvania, USA) in 2003, provides very detailed social interaction information enabling the analysis of social, spatial and temporal aspects of activity participation. In this paper we use this information to develop a spatio-temporal interpolation method and demonstration based on kriging. In this way, we extract the dynamic social taxonomy of places from the behavioral information in the dataset and suggest how urban and transportation models can be informed from the dynamics of places by observing “what is taking place” (activities being pursued in the context of this paper) combined with “what exists” (business establishments) or “what is available” (businesses that are open). The method here can also be used to improve the design of urban environments (e.g., filling gaps in desired activity locations), manage specific places (e.g., extending the opening and closing times of businesses), study transportation policies that are sensitive to time of day (e.g., pricing of parking to discourage crowding and traffic congestion), and modeling of spatio-temporal decisions of social activities in travel demand models (e.g., to guide the development of model specification and representation of the space in which behavioral models are applied).     

Smarter and more connected: Future intelligent transportation system

Emerging technologies toward a connected vehicle-infrastructure-pedestrian environment and big data have made it easier and cheaper to collect, store, analyze, use, and disseminate multi-source data. The connected environment also introduces new approaches to flexible control and management of transportation systems in real time to improve overall system performance. Given the benefits of a connected environment, it is crucial that we understand how the current intelligent transportation system could be adapted to the connected environment.     

张力腿平台的环境荷载及响应

通过对张力腿平台的资料分析和案例模拟研究，概括了张力腿平台的环境荷载，探讨了平均环境荷载、波频荷载、低频荷载和高频荷载对张力腿平台运动的影响，分析了张力腿平台的运动特点，介绍了环境荷载与平台响应计算中所涉及到的关键因素以及世界上通用的设计规范，提出了开展我国深水海域开发研究的建议。     

Gas transfer velocities of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical reservoir and its river downstream

We have measured simultaneously the methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) surface concentrations and water–air fluxes by floating chambers (FC) in the Petit-Saut Reservoir (French Guiana) and its tidal river (Sinnamary River) downstream of the dam, during the two field experiments in wet (May 2003) and dry season (December 2003). The eddy covariance (EC) technique was also used for CO₂ fluxes on the lake. The comparison of fluxes obtained by FC and EC showed little discrepancies mainly due to differences in measurements durations which resulted in different average wind speeds. When comparing the gas transfer velocity (k₆₀₀) for a given wind speed, both methods gave similar results. On the lake and excluding rainy events, we obtained an exponential relationship between k₆₀₀ and U₁₀, with a significant intercept at 1.7 cm h^− 1, probably due to thermal effects. Gas transfer velocity was also positively related to rainfall rates reaching 26.5 cm h⁻¹ for a rainfall rate of 36 mm h^− 1. During a 24-h experiment in dry season, rainfall accounted for as much as 25% of the k₆₀₀. In the river downstream of the dam, k₆₀₀ values were 3 to 4 times higher than on the lake, and followed a linear relationship with U₁₀.     

土木规划的规划环境与规划政策研究

研究目的：土木规划是以社会公共基础设施为对象，本着统筹、系统的思想，利用土木工程技术与系统科学方法进行的规划。但就我国目前土木规划领域的现状来看，无论是在“规划环境”方面还是“规划政策”方面，都存在着一定的问题。本文的目的在于通过对我国土木规划的规划环境与规划政策的研究，促进土木规划在我国的科学化、体系化发展。研究方法：本文聚焦于我国的交通基础设施，系统地整理和分析了我国土木规划的历史与现状，包括政府与市场的角色定位、规划体制、法律法规的情况，同时介绍了国外的经验，揭示了存在的问题。研究结果：提出我国要走科学的“土木规划”道路，在规划环境上应改革规划体制，完善立法，建立多层次的基础设施体系；在规划政策上应努力拓宽资金渠道，加强综合规划等。研究结论：揭示了在我国开展土木规划研究的重要性和必要性，土木规划相关研究的不断深入，必将促进我国的土木规划水平的提高。