我国大城市采用轻轨交通系统的研究

本文论述了轻轨交通系统的特点和我国大城市公共交通的状况,研究了我国大城市采用轻轨交通系统的技术和经济的可行性,指出了轻轨交通在容量、服务质量和道路面积利用率方面具有明显的优点,分析轻轨交通的投资和运营费用,并提出了有关的建议.     

Integrated model for traffic flow forecasting under rainy conditions

Inclement weather, such as heavy rain, significantly affects road traffic flow operation, which may cause severe congestion in road networks in cities. This study investigates the effect of inclement weather, such as rain events, on traffic flow and proposes an integrated model for traffic flow parameter forecasting during such events. First, an analysis of historical observation data indicates that the forecasting error of traffic flow volume has a significant linear correlation with mean precipitation, and thus, forecasting accuracy can be considerably improved by applying this linear correlation to correct forecasting values. An integrated online precipitation‐correction model was proposed for traffic flow volume forecasting based on these findings. We preprocessed precipitation data transformation and used outlier detection techniques to improve the efficiency of the model. Finally, an integrated forecasting model was designed through data fusion methods based on the four basic forecasting models and the proposed online precipitation‐correction model. Results of the model validation with the field data set show that the designed model is better than the other models in terms of overall accuracy throughout the day and under precipitation. However, the designed model is not always ideal under heavy rain conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel approach for assessing the LOS for two‐lane intercity highways under heterogeneous traffic conditions

Performance of two‐lane intercity highways has been evaluated in terms of level of service (LOS) by different researchers. Different follower‐related performance measures, namely, the number of followers (NF), percent followers (PF), follower density (FD) and the number of followers as a proportion of capacity (NFPC) are examined in the present study to define LOS. Data are collected from five sites located in different parts of India. While almost all the past studies used 3‐s headway rule to identify followers suggested by US Highway Capacity Manual, a new methodology is proposed in the current study to identify the followers by analysing speed difference (SD) and the gap between two consecutive vehicles. It is observed that vehicles travel in non‐following condition after a critical gap threshold value of 10 s. By using a SD limit of ?4 km/h to +10 km/h and a gap value of 10 s, followers are identified across all the study sites. Thereafter, different critical gap values ranging from 1.9 s to 4.3 s are observed at the study sites beyond which the probability of not following would increase. Variation in two‐way traffic volume is found to be the main contributory factor which affects the critical gap values. Among all of the performance measures, NFPC shows a strong correlation with two‐way traffic volume followed by FD under heterogeneous traffic condition. Finally, different threshold values of LOS ranges for two‐lane intercity highways are provided by carrying out cluster analysis with the help of NFPC and FD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rail-road crossing impacts: an international synthesis

Rail-road crossings generate a range of transport, economic, social and environmental impacts. While much research has focused on selected impacts such as safety, little consideration has been given to wider impacts. The aim of this research was to therefore develop a holistic understanding of the impacts of rail-road crossings (both at-grade and grade-separated) and to identify key gaps in knowledge in this field. An international synthesis of rail-road crossing impacts was developed through a detailed literature review, which revealed a total of 18 different types of impacts associated with rail-road crossings. The review found that most research to date has focused on quantifying transport and economic impacts, particularly safety and road vehicle delay, with little consideration given to social and environmental impacts. A number of research gaps have been identified which provide a clear agenda for future research. These gaps include the use of empirical evidence to support impact assessments, and the need to better understand the impacts of grade-separating rail-road crossings in terms of safety, travel time variability, land use, traffic flow, rail vehicle delay, disability access, and crime.     

沉箱海上沉放新工艺的研究与应用

大流量高架位虹吸位置与传统的真空虹吸装置相比具有显著的优点,借助于该装置,可以把虹吸技术应用到海上沉箱灌水沉放工艺中,与其它方法相比其效益是明显的。     

联锁表的带动道岔、防护道岔设计方法

阐述联锁表的带动道岔、防护道岔设计方法,总结带动道岔、防护道岔的设计规律,对带动道岔、防护道岔的定义、作用、设计方法进行详细描述,对如何设计联锁表的带动道岔、防护道岔有很大参考价值。     

Variability in sound power levels: Implications for static and dynamic traffic models

Classically, one mean vehicle representative of each category is used by both static and dynamic traffic noise prediction models. The spectrum associated with this mean vehicle is determined from a linear statistical regression analysis based on measurement campaigns on a track or in situ. However, the variability of individual vehicle emissions can influence predictions and hinder comparison between static and dynamic models. In order to estimate the induced bias, statistical analysis of the distributions of sound power levels emitted by the individual passage of vehicles during 82 measurement campaigns was carried out. The results show that 92% of the residual regression distributions are Gaussian and that standard deviations can reach 3.6 dBA. The value of the proposed correction term for this case study could reach 1.4 dBA for light vehicles and 1.2 dBA for heavy vehicles. This analysis also shows that the variability in sound power levels and thus the corresponding corrections are higher at the lowest speeds that correspond to urban driving conditions.     

轻轨交通审批与建管的法规标准研究——轻轨之法

对比地铁,指出轻轨和有轨电车在立项审批、规划设计、运营安全方面存在法规缺失和标准薄弱等问题。由于轻轨和有轨电车概念不清晰,在立项审批上,轻轨和有轨电车的审批权限不够明确,各地有轨电车立项审批的要求、要件不一致;在规划设计方面,部分新型轨道交通以及以C型车为基础的轻轨系统规划设计标准尚有缺失;在运营安全方面,《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》中尚无专门针对有轨电车和轻轨方面的条例。建议在轻轨概念分级分类的基础上,划分审批权限和申报程序;补充有轨电车线网规划编制标准和新型轨道交通的设计标准,并在《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》中补充轻轨和有轨电车运营安全等方面的立法以及相关管理办法。     

舰船卤代烷灭火系统储液瓶液位超声波检测技术

为解决舰船卤代烷灭火系统储液瓶液位检测的难题,采用超声波脉冲反射式定点液位测量法,利用超声波在液体与气体介质中余振信号衰减快慢使回波信号波形的包络面积大小不同来界定液位。利用小波分析理论,对采集的回波信号进行消噪降噪,得到了真实的信号。提出了储液瓶测点内部气态与液态的判据,通过比对降噪后气态和液态产生的回波信号的包络面积,可准确确定液位。     

舰船推进轴系的螺旋桨激励力传递特性

  目的  船舶基座结构是船舶减振的重要设备,为提高基座结构的减振效果,在结构表面敷设阻尼材料是常用手段。  方法  以基座结构的加速度振级落差为评价指标,应用各向正交惩罚材料密度法（SIMP）,建立自由阻尼材料的拓扑优化数学模型。在优化模型中,其约束条件是确保在阻尼材料总使用量一定的情况下实现阻尼材料在基座结构表面的最优分布。最后,以某型船的主机基座为例,在建立的有限元模型的基础上,开展基座结构阻尼材料拓扑优化的数值计算,并利用基座模型实验的方法对拓扑优化数值计算结果进行实验验证。  结果  经验证,获得了阻尼材料的最优敷设方案。  结论  所得成果对船舶基座结构设计和复合材料的应用具有一定的参考价值。