近自由面三维水翼的水动力分析及试验研究

采用面元法对近自由面三维水翼进行势流数值分析并进行了相关试验研究。在数值计算中,将Rankine源和偶极子置于边界面上,用时间步进法模拟水翼的势流场和自由表面波形。在自由面采用非线性自由面边界条件,在尾涡面上采用偶极子布置以满足Kutta条件。文中给出了数值计算模型的参数,对于不同浸深、不同航速和不同攻角下的水翼,计算了水翼表面上的压力分布,水翼的阻力和升力及自由表面波形。数值计算结果与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,文中方法可用于水翼优化设计、近自由面振动翼运动及水翼船兴波等问题的研究。     

潜艇机械噪声源分类识别的小样本研究思想及相关算法评述

针对潜艇机械噪声源分类识别实际样本获取的困难,将该分类问题归结为一个典型的小样本模式识别问题加以处理;基于"信息"的观点,通过系统归纳、比较和借鉴国内外其它领域的一些主要研究思想和成果,明确了小样本条件下潜艇机械噪声源识别研究的"综合集成"技术路线;最后围绕实践提出了下一步需重点研究和解决的几个问题。     

隧道加强照明配光优化技术研究

公路隧道照明中相比中间段基本照明而言,加强照明采用传统宽光曲线照明的性价比并不高,较长照射路径反而易造成过多的光通量损耗。为此,本文采用数值模拟的方法对隧道加强照明进行仿真,对比收光型和非收(宽)光型两种配光曲线的照明计算结果,分析收光曲线的照明效能并进一步优化配置。研究结论为:加强照明收光型配光曲线比非收光型配光曲线更节能,当路面平均照度要求为1 500 lx时,非收光曲线照明需求光通量高出收光曲线照明15.8%;收光曲线照明时路面照度总均匀度并不比非收光曲线照明低;对称型收光曲线拱顶单光带布设时,横向偏0.45 m时照明效果最佳。     

Globally energy-optimal speed planning for road vehicles on a given route

This paper provides a globally optimal solution to an important problem: given a real-world route, what is the most energy-efficient way to drive a vehicle from the origin to the destination within a certain period of time. Along the route, there may be multiple stop signs, traffic lights, turns and curved segments, roads with different grades and speed limits, and even leading vehicles with pre-known speed profiles. Most of such route information and features are actually constraints to the optimal vehicle speed control problem, but these constraints are described in two different domains. The most important concept in solving this problem is to convert the distance-domain route constraints to some time-domain state and input constraints that can be handled by optimization methods such as dynamic programming (DP). Multiple techniques including cost-to-go function interpolation and parallel computing are used to reduce the computation of DP and make the problem solvable within a reasonable amount of time on a personal computer.     

电压型PWM整流器电流空间矢量控制研究

针对如何提高电压源型三相PWM整流器交流侧电流的控制速度问题,本文提出了控制和调制相结合的两种控制策略,即电流的空间矢量滞环控制策略和优化的电流空间矢量控制策略。本文分别对这两种控制策略进行了仿真,仿真结果验证了两种策略的有效性。     

城市道路中黄灯期间的驾驶行为研究

在信号灯设置中,黄灯起到过渡的作用.理解黄灯期间的驾驶行为对于黄灯期间的安全保护,以及黄灯时长的设置具有重要意义.对比了国内外相关研究的数据获取方法、分析方法,对我国城市道路中2种常见的信号控制的十字交叉口与路段人行横道进行实地调查,利用视频拍摄的方法获取实验数据,分别分析车辆在黄灯期间的驾驶行为.根据车辆行驶速度、与停车线的距离这2个因素,以Spss为分析工具,利用二元Logistic模型,建立了车辆在黄灯期间的驾驶行为模型.其中基于时间变量建立的模型精度为15.9％,由模型得出其犹豫区的时间分布为1.89～4.86 s.     

柴油机声源识别试验研究

采用声强试验法进行发动机标定点工况声源识别,定位了发动机噪声贡献特征。结合声压试验法对柴油机全工况进行噪声测试,基于发动机燃烧噪声和机械噪声的产生机理,研究了典型贡献位置对整机噪声的贡献度。研究结果表明：声强贡献面积较大的测量面,对应声压测点位置的噪声也越大;随着发动机转速和负荷的提高,转速对噪声的影响比负荷对噪声的影响更加明显;在发动机高转速工况,旋转部件以及阀类系统对整机噪声贡献较大。     

公路工程安全生产危险源管理方法研究

为了系统辨识公路施工危险源,针对公路施工危险源的定义和分类方法,以物的不安全状态和人的不安全行为,区分为固有危险源和施工工序危险源.划分施工工序为7个分析单元,编制了公路建设工程危险源普查的基本清单l 774项.基于作业条件危险性评价法(LECD法)提出了施工安全控制要点和公路施工重大危险源辨识目录.从政府、业主、监理和施工单位等不同层面提出了危险源控制技术对策,提出了公路建设工程危险源管控信息化管理框架建议,对防止和减少公路工程安全事故的发生,保证公路工程安全施工具有指导意义.     

1.6万标准箱集装箱船外飘砰击及结构强度计算研究

超大型集装箱船面临首部特殊型线与高航速所带来的不容小视的首部外飘砰击载荷作用。文中以1.6万标准箱集装箱船为例,首先基于时域Rankine源法计算集装箱船的非线性运动响应;然后预报首部区域发生外飘砰击的概率和砰击压力极值;最后考虑外飘砰击对首部局部区域的作用,对1.6万标准箱船的首部结构进行了有限元分析,评估船体结构承受外飘砰击载荷的能力,为首部结构设计提供参考依据。     

A probabilistic approach to calculate capacity of signalized intersections with a red light camera

In recent years, red light cameras (RLCs) have been installed at many signalized intersections. The main reason behind installing RLCs is to reduce intersection‐related accidents caused because of a driver's behavior to cross the intersection when the signal turns red. By nature, if the driver is aware of the presence of RLC his or her driving behavior is bound to change. This behavioral change, however, may be intentional or unintentional. This may influence the utilization of yellow intervals resulting in a possible increase in dilemma zone, which in turn, may reduce the service capacity of the intersection. To accurately capture this capacity reduction, we present a probabilistic approach to modify the saturation flow rate formula in the Highway Capacity Manual that is currently used to calculate the capacity of signalized intersections. We introduce a new factor in the saturation flow rate calculation called red light reduction factor, to account for the capacity reduction owing to RLCs. Using field data from Baltimore, Maryland, we establish a relationship for the red light reduction factor. We then show that capacity of RLC‐equipped intersections is generally lower than that without RLCs. Although the percentage reduction in capacity of a single intersection may not seem significant, the cumulative impact of such reduction in a heavily traveled road network may be quite significant, resulting in significant loss in travel time. In future works, the systemwide capacity reduction owing to the presence of RLCs can be studied in congested transportation networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.