A new schedule-based transit assignment model with travel strategies and supply uncertainties

This paper proposes a new scheduled-based transit assignment model. Unlike other schedule-based models in the literature, we consider supply uncertainties and assume that users adopt strategies to travel from their origins to their destinations. We present an analytical formulation to ensure that on-board passengers continuing to the next stop have priority and waiting passengers are loaded on a first-come-first-serve basis. We propose an analytical model that captures the stochastic nature of the transit schedules and in-vehicle travel times due to road conditions, incidents, or adverse weather. We adopt a mean variance approach that can consider the covariance of travel time between links in a space–time graph but still lead to a robust transit network loading procedure when optimal strategies are adopted. The proposed model is formulated as a user equilibrium problem and solved by an MSA-type algorithm. Numerical results are reported to show the effects of supply uncertainties on the travel strategies and departure times of passengers.     

On the degradation of performance for traffic networks with oblivious users

We consider the problem of characterizing user equilibria and optimal solutions for routing in a given network. We extend the known models by considering users oblivious to congestion in the following sense: While in the typical user equilibrium setting the users follow a strategy that minimizes their individual cost by taking into account the (dynamic) congestion due to the current routing pattern, an oblivious user ignores congestion altogether; instead, he or she decides his routing on the basis of cheapest routes on a network without any flow whatsoever. These cheapest routes can be, for example, the shortest paths in the network without any flow. This model tries to capture the fact that a certain percentage of travelers base their route simply on the distances they observe on a map, without thinking (or knowing, or caring) about the delays experienced on this route due to their fellow travelers. In this work we study the effect of such users using as the measure of network performance its price of anarchy, i.e., the ratio of the total latency experienced by the users (oblivious or not) at equilibrium over the social optimum.     

伴有故障和延迟维修的清空排队系统的均衡分析

考虑一个马氏排队清空系统,将其看成一个在站台服务的容量无限的交通服务系统,顾客按照泊松过程到达系统后接受服务,而服务时间服从指数分布,假设交通工具容易出现故障,并且经过一个服从指数分布的延迟时间后,才能得到修理.在几乎可见情形下,顾客根据前面已进入系统的人数决定是否进入系统,结合一个线性支付函数,获得了顾客的均衡离开策略.     

膨胀土分析及相关路基处治方法

膨胀土在我国分布比较广泛,其对于工程的危害远高于其他病害地质,并且对于膨胀土的识别和评定目前并无统一的标准,在设计治理与施工方面缺乏成熟的经验,因此主要的处置方法就是化学改性法。     

Optimization of transport investment and pricing policies: the role of transport pricing in network design

This paper investigates the role of transport pricing in network design and describes two facts about flow pattern in a transportation system. The first, illustrated by an example of Braess paradox, is that adding a new link to the network does not necessarily minimize the total travel time. The second is that introducing of appropriate toll pricing may reduce not only the total network time but also the travel time for each individual traveller. It follows with the investigations of different system objectives and different pricing policies (only toll pricing and distance‐based pricing are considered), and shows how they affect the system performance and flow pattern. Lastly, a systematic optimization process is proposed for integrated planning of transport network and pricing policies.     

嵌入式PLC脉冲信号门槛设定和高速计数的实现

本文从实际应用出发，通过使用单片机内部计数／定时器和可编程技术器阵列PCA，兼顾低速输入信号的稳定性和高速信号的实时性，重点阐述一种能对输入信号有效脉冲宽度限定以及高速A、B相脉冲计数的PLC基本功能的开发方法。     

斜坡地基上填方路堤极限承载力影响因素分析

影响斜坡地基上填方路堤极限承载力的因素主要有:斜坡坡度、路堤填土高度、路堤顶面宽度、路堤边坡坡度等。运用极限分析上限法对斜坡地基上不同斜坡坡度、不同填土高度、不同路堤宽度以及不同路堤边坡坡度的填方路堤极限承载力进行计算,得出了各个因素对其极限承载力的影响。研究结果表明路堤填筑高度和顶面宽度对其极限承载力的影响最大,其次为斜坡坡度的影响,而路堤边坡坡度对其影响并不显著。建议综合考虑斜坡坡度、填土高度、路堤宽度、路堤边坡坡度、极限承载力等各种因素来指导斜坡地基上填方路堤的设计与施工,以确保山区高速公路安全畅通。     

基于驾驶员信息处理能力的高速公路作业区限速值计算方法

基于人体工程学原理,将驾驶员在高速公路作业区行驶过程中接触的交通信息分为道路几何信息、道路交通运行信息、交通管理控制信息、气候与环境信息及驾驶员自身信息,将作业区各种道路交通信息进行量化处理,在系统分析驾驶员对信息处理模式的基础上,提出了基于驾驶员信息处理能力的高速公路作业区车速速度限制值计算模型。以2006年5月哈大公路入口作业区为例,考虑车道宽度、开放车道数、隔离设施、合流机会、合流冲突及大车影响对驾驶员接受信息的量化影响,计算得出该作业区的限速值为50 km/h,与工程实际中采用的55 km/h吻合较好,验证了本文所提方法的有效性,为高速公路交通管理部门确定车辆速度限制标准提供了一种参考方法。     

基于路网子图空间的交通流平衡分析方法

通过定义路网子图空间,提出了基于路网子图空间的Wardrop平衡原理,建立了相应的交通流平衡分析模型,并通过实例阐释了偏态均衡路网交通流的形成机理与演化过程。研究表明:该模型能够很好地解释包括新路开通期的路网交通流、换乘子图空间路网交通流、收费道路偏好子图空间路网交通流等多种情形下由于网络结构被差异性地认知所形成的偏态均衡路网交通流现象,为多标准下交通流的平衡分析建立了新途径;该分析方法有助于道路网络结构设计与道路网络管理方案的优化。     

二灰稳定低液限粉土底基层性能研究

结合子洲~靖边高速公路4个合同段低液限粉土的情况,分别采用试验和理论分析的方法,对该地区广泛存在的低液限粉土底基层稳定性能进行了系统研究。首先对低液限粉土稳定土进行了物理、力学性质试验,取得了基本的研究参数。然后通过分析当前常用的路面底基层稳定土方案,对该地区的低液限粉土提出了稳定加固方案,并分析了加固机理和影响因素。