解析法和Excel在液塑限试验中的应用

液塑限试验中,一般用作图法来求液塑限,但手工作图较为繁琐,且误差较大。介绍了解析法的原理并编制了相应的Excel表格,使得计算速度和准确性大为提高。     

汽车用材料中多环芳烃限值与检测标准分析

多环芳烃是一类持久性有机污染物的总称,这类物质由于具有较高的脂溶性、强烈的致癌性以及难以自然降解的性质而被广泛关注。汽车产品的多环芳烃主要存在于非金属材料中。在汽车成为大众消费品的同时,人们越来越注重汽车使用中的环保与健康安全的问题。本文系统地对国内外汽车材料中多环芳烃限值要求及检测方法等相关标准进行梳理分析,形成对汽车行业禁限用物质多环芳烃的管控建议。     

海底管道在位强度分析

海底管道是海上油气田生产设施的重要组成部分，是保证油气田正常运转的生命线。海底管道在位强度分析对研究其破坏机理及进行安全评估非常重要。基于DNV2000海底管道设计规范和相关文献，根据波浪流等环境参数、管道参数和海床土壤参数之间的关系，并结合相关理论知识，着重阐述了管道在位强度分析的计算原理。最后通过工程实例计算，完成了海底管道结构的在位强度分析及极限状态校核。     

环梁-桁架支撑体系在大型基坑工程中的应用

研究目的：北京西站地下行包库是北京西站改扩建工程中的一个重大项目,对整个工程的进度起着控制作用。通过本研究,拟找到一个施工便捷、结构合理的支护体系。研究方法：根据地质情况、周围环境要求、工程功能、当地的常用施工工艺设备以及经济技术条件综合考虑、因地制宜地选择支护结构的类型。采用理正单元计算、理正整体计算与SAP84计算相校核的计算方法,并对极限平衡法和弹性支点法的计算结果进行对比分析。研究结果：采用人工挖孔桩围护结构＋圆形环梁-桁架支撑的支护体系,其结构受力体系合理,便于施工,经济指标合理。研究结论：圆形环梁-桁架支撑的支护体系结构受力合理,适用于平面尺寸大、长宽尺寸接近、四周地层性质接近、抗力接近的基坑;混凝土圆形环梁结构受压合理,整体稳定性好;桁架体系整体性强,采用钢构件施工速度快;单撑式围护结构可以采用极限平衡法计算。     

强震区板桩结构成层土地震土压力的计算方法

物部-冈部公式广泛应用于地震作用下的土压力计算,但因其适用条件的局限性,不能用于板桩墙后既含砂土又含有黏土的非均质土,且国内外规范对此类成层土的地震土压力计算没有统一的规定。总结国内外规范中成层土地震动土压力计算方法,找出其本质差异,在前人研究基础上引进整体极限平衡方法,结合SLOPE软件,得出强震区板桩结构成层土地震土压力的计算方法,并通过海外强震区港口工程实例验证,为同类工程提供参考。     

高液限红粘土填方路基强夯处治试验研究

采用强夯处治宜章—凤头岭高速公路大面积高液限红粘土填方路基,并开展了现场试验研究。试验结果表明:强夯法处治高液限红粘土填方路基效果良好,夯后填土的物理力学性质及抗剪强度有明显改善和提高,可提高路基工程质量。     

广州北二环高速公路提高限速探讨

高速公路限速的分析与探讨是最近比较热门的话题。结合广州北二环高速公路工作实践对提高高速公路限速问题进行探讨,介绍了提高限速的目的、工作内容和方法,提出了需注意的问题和提高限制速度的措施。     

缩减弹性模量有限元法计算加肋轴对称组合壳的极限载荷

将缩减弹性模量的思想融入基于轴对称壳单元的有限元分析,建立缩减弹性模量有限元法,计算加肋轴对称组合壳的极限载荷。建立壳单元弹性状态、局部屈服状态和截面屈服状态的判断条件;提出弹性模量调整策略和组合壳极限状态的判断方法,实现对加肋轴对称组合壳的塑性极限分析。编制了计算程序,算例表明该方法计算时间省,计算精度较高。     

Approximate network loading and dual-time-scale dynamic user equilibrium

In this paper we present a dual-time-scale formulation of dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) with demand evolution. Our formulation belongs to the problem class that Pang and Stewart (2008) refer to as differential variational inequalities. It combines the within-day time scale for which route and departure time choices fluctuate in continuous time with the day-to-day time scale for which demand evolves in discrete time steps. Our formulation is consistent with the often told story that drivers adjust their travel demands at the end of every day based on their congestion experience during one or more previous days. We show that analysis of the within-day assignment model is tremendously simplified by expressing dynamic user equilibrium as a differential variational inequality. We also show there is a class of day-to-day demand growth models that allow the dual-time-scale formulation to be decomposed by time-stepping to yield a sequence of continuous time, single-day, dynamic user equilibrium problems. To solve the single-day DUE problems arising during time-stepping, it is necessary to repeatedly solve a dynamic network loading problem. We observe that the network loading phase of DUE computation generally constitutes a differential algebraic equation (DAE) system, and we show that the DAE system for network loading based on the link delay model (LDM) of Friesz et al. (1993) may be approximated by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). That system of ODEs, as we demonstrate, may be efficiently solved using traditional numerical methods for such problems. To compute an actual dynamic user equilibrium, we introduce a continuous time fixed-point algorithm and prove its convergence for effective path delay operators that allow a limited type of nonmonotone path delay. We show that our DUE algorithm is compatible with network loading based on the LDM and the cell transmission model (CTM) due to Daganzo (1995). We provide a numerical example based on the much studied Sioux Falls network.     

Schedule-based transit assignment model with vehicle capacity and seat availability

In this paper, we propose a new schedule-based equilibrium transit assignment model that differentiates the discomfort level experienced by sitting and standing passengers. The notion of seat allocation has not been considered explicitly and analytically in previous schedule-based frameworks. The model assumes that passengers use strategies when traveling from their origin to their destination. When loading a vehicle, standing on-board passengers continuing to the next station have priority to get available seats and waiting passengers are loaded on a First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) principle. The stimulus of a standing passenger to sit increases with his/her remaining journey length and time already spent on-board. When a vehicle is full, passengers unable to board must wait for the next vehicle to arrive. The equilibrium conditions can be stated as a variational inequality involving a vector-valued function of expected strategy costs. To find a solution, we adopt the method of successive averages (MSA) that generates strategies during each iteration by solving a dynamic program. Numerical results are also reported to show the effects of our model on the travel strategies and departure time choices of passengers.