初始缺陷对耐压圆柱壳结构极限承载力的影响

为了考察初始缺陷、材料等因素对耐压圆柱壳结构极限承载力的影响,本文利用ANSYS有限元软件构造模型对耐压圆柱壳结构进行模拟．研究了缺陷幅值在一定范围内变化时,初始缺陷对耐压圆柱壳极限承载力的影响,并将有限元计算结果与理论计算结果进行比较,讨论了材料的改变对极限承载力的影响．初始缺陷幅值不会改变耐压圆柱壳结构的失稳模态,且对结构极限承载力的影响有限,但材料的改进对提高结构极限承载力的效果显著．     

城市群双线客流分布预测方法研究

鉴于城市群客流预测在城市群轨道交通规划中的重要性,为提高其预测精度,对城市群客流预测中的分布预测方法进行研究.分析现实能够收集到的资料及城市群交通分布的特点,提出城市群双线分布预测方法.在城市群资料有限的情况下,研究如何得到城市群分布的预测结果;阐述分布预测的计算方法,建立相关的计算模型,对几种常用的分布预测模型进行优缺点及适用性分析.     

基于用地和交通特征的停车需求预测模型

为了解决城市停车难问题,对停车需求进行合理预测,考虑目前日益紧张的土地资源和快速增长的交通流量,分析了用地与交通影响预测模型建立的基本原理,采用用地特征函数描述了土地使用性质与停车生成率之间的关系,采用交通影响函数分析了路网流量增长率和停车率对停车需求的影响,在此基础上建立了停车需求预测模型。利用开发的软件系统,根据典型区域的土地资源规划和道路交通调查数据,进行了城市停车需求预测。预测结果表明:随着时间的变化,在各种因素影响下,停车需求近5 a增长较缓慢,而在随后的5 a中停车需求快速增长,且日停车需求量的增长速度明显高于高峰小时的增长速度。     

Environmental protection motivation in coastal zone land‐use legislation

Abstract

Analysis of recent substantive coastal land use management laws shows that their main thrust is to provide for protection of the coastal environment from adverse impacts of uncontrolled development. The four purposes cited most frequently among laws of 17 states were: Protection of wildlife and fisheries, protection of ecosystems or the natural environment, control of development, and enhancement of esthetic values. Other purposes were to: Protect life and property, enhance public recreation, conserve soil, and protect water resources. Development and economic purposes were cited in relatively few laws.     

Thermidor in land use control?

Abstract

In June 1987, the U.S. Supreme Court in Nollan v. California Coastal Commission held against the California Coastal Commission. Did this legal landmark signal the rise of a new, conservative jurisprudence of takings? And if yes, did that imply the demise of what had been accomplished by the so‐called quiet revolution in land use control that swept the country in the late 1960s and early 1970s? The complexities of this case cannot be understood apart from the historical evolution of the Coastal Commission's policies through the 1970s and 1980s, particularly its coastal access policies. Because of these policies the Coastal Commission, since its inception in 1972, has been subjected to all kinds of criticism, but at the same time has been widely praised for its balanced approach. These varying assessments of the role and record of the Commission also underly the conflicting viewpoints and arguments of Justices Scalia, who wrote for the majority in Nollan, and Brennan, who filed an extremely strong dissent. The resulting legal uncertainties, added to the political setbacks suffered from a lukewarm legislature and a hostile governor, forced the Commission to temper its assertive mission of maximizing coastal access, at least for the time being.     

大城市实施BRT效果仿真评价研究

BRT是解决大城市交通拥堵问题、实现城市可持续发展的一项重要措施.基于系统动力学理论,建立了土地利用与交通系统关系模型,并采用上海市出行人次实际数据和拟合数据的对比,验证了模型的有效性;采用所建立的土地利用与交通系统关系模型进行预测,得出当前发展趋势下不采取任何措施和实施BRT措施的未来年路网服务水平指标,通过比较BRT方式在吸引不同比例客流情况下地面客流重新分配后路网服务水平的变化,对BRT的实施效果进行仿真评价.     

Traditional neighborhoods and commuting in the San Francisco Bay area

Neo-traditional designs, proponents argue, reduce dependency on the automobile and provide attractive environments for walking, bicycling, and transit riding. This paper explores the extent to which this proposition holds for seven traditional neighborhoods in the San Francisco Bay Area that evolved around early streetcar services. Matched-pair comparisons of modal shares and trip generation rates for work trips are made between these neighborhoods and newer auto-oriented suburbs, controlling for the effects of income and, to a lesser extent, existing bus service levels. Pedestrian/bicycle modal shares and trip rates tended to be considerably higher, in some cases five time as high, in transit-oriented than in the paired auto-oriented neighborhood. Transit neighborhoods also averaged around 70 more daily transit work trips per 1,000 households than auto-oriented neighborhoods, though trip rates varied considerably among neighborhood pairs. Higher residential densities were also found to have a proportionately greater impact on transit commuting in transit-oriented than in auto-oriented neighborhoods. The paper concludes that in order to yield significant transportation benefits, neo-traditional development must be coordinated with larger regional planning efforts and public policy initiatives to reduce automobile dependency.     

高速公路对自然资源的消耗研究

从土地资源的占用和能源消耗两方面将高速公路与其他运输方式对自然资源的占用情况进行比较,并通过总结和分析我国高速公路的现状,得出高速公路较其他运输方式能更有效地利用自然资源,是资源集约型的交通运输方式。     

压力分散型预应力锚索对边坡危岩体的加固效应分析

以宜(宾)-水(富)路K120 125剖面所在地段的边坡危岩体为研究对象,建立了压力分散型锚索三维非线性有限元计算模型,通过对加固前后危岩体的应力、位移及安全系数进行对比,揭示了坡面结构体-预应力锚索-岩质边坡相互作用效应,为类似边坡岩体工程危岩段预应力锚索布置提供了科学依据和指导意义。