Modeling the impacts of mandatory and discretionary lane-changing maneuvers

In this paper, a novel mesoscopic multilane model is proposed to enable simultaneous simulation of mandatory and discretionary lane-changing behaviors to realistically capture multilane traffic dynamics. The model considers lane specific fundamental diagrams to simulate dynamic heterogeneous lane flow distributions on expressways. Moreover, different priority levels are identified according to different lane-changing motivations and the corresponding levels of urgency. Then, an algorithm is proposed to estimate the dynamic mandatory and discretionary lane-changing demands. Finally, the lane flow propagation is defined by the reaction law of the demand–supply functions, which can be regarded as an extension of the Incremental-Transfer and/or Priority Incremental-Transfer principles. The proposed mesoscopic multilane cell transmission model is calibrated and validated on a complex weaving section of the State Route 241 freeway in Orange County, California, showing both the positive and negative impact of lane changing maneuvers, e.g., balancing effect and capacity drop, respectively. Moreover, the empirical study verifies that the model requires no additional data other than the cell transmission model does. Thus, the proposed model can be deployed as a simple simulation tool for accessing dynamic mesoscopic multilane traffic state from data available to most management centers, and also the potential application in predicting the impact of traffic incident or lane control strategy.     

浅埋顶管沉井周边土体的三维破坏形状及沉降研究

为研究顶管沉井及周边土体在顶进力作用下的形变范围与大小，以加固旋喷桩作为沉井周围加固体建立ABAQUS软件计算模型，并将模拟结果与工程实例、PLAXIS 3D软件所得结果进行对比分析。同时，采用广州地区花岗岩残积土进行室内沉井模型试验，并通过试验结果对数值模拟结论进行验证，得出结论如下： 1）在开挖基坑前达到设计强度的旋喷桩能有效减小基坑周边土体塌陷变形、坑底隆起。2）在施加工作顶推力下，前侧主动区首先出现贯通裂缝，竖向位移斜率增大出现明显拐点；继续增大顶推力，土体位移会急剧增大导致地表沉降严重。3）对于后背土体，在顶推力作用下，地表破裂线的切线角度从0°逐渐增大至45°+φ/2，导致破裂范围也不断扩大；达到45°+φ/2处后，继续施加顶推力会导致短轴方向破坏范围扩大的速度较长轴方向的速度更快；三维空间中被动区破坏土体在地表处产生形状为椭圆的破坏面，椭圆长轴方向为顶推轴线方向，被动破坏体呈现为牛角状椭圆楔体。     

轨道安全监测中传感器优化配置研究

为了研究轨道结构安全监测中传感器的合理配置方法,确保城市轨道交通安全运营,通过建立桥上交叉渡线道岔模型和钢轨应变传递误差最小的目标函数,提出传感器测点选择依据和监测方案评价标准,保证监测方案的经济性、合理性。结论表明:模型数据曲线可以指导监测系统的测点位置选择;随着传感器测点数量增加,监测误差逐渐减小,但在误差比率的"拐点"后增加单位个数传感器带来的收益降低;通过建立误差最小准则的目标函数,结合误差指标可以评价和优化传感器布设方案;钢轨位移、附加力等指标的监测方案也可以通过本文方法确定。     

船舶通信英语口语与听力课程标准

结合船舶驾驶员的岗位职责,依照现代职业教育理论和成果,设计了船舶通信英语口语与听力课程标准.对该课程的课程概述、培养目标、与前后课程的联系、教学内容与学时分配、学习资源、教师要求、学习场地与设施要求、考核方式与标准、学习情境设计进行了设计和描述,将船舶通信中典型工作任务转化为学习型任务.     

The generators of paratransit trips by persons with disabilities

Identifying the generators of paratransit trips by persons with disabilities is important to comprehend the current demand patterns and forecast future demand. Only a handful of studies have been conducted so far to identify the generators of paratransit trips and most focused on the home end of the trips. Given some of the inconsistencies in past studies and the scarcity of studies on the generators of trips away from home, this study attempts to identify the generators of paratransit trips beginning and ending at clients’ homes and away from home. It uses an extremely large dataset consisting of 1.91 million trips made by NJ TRANSIT’s Access Link clients, socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey, employment data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, and establishment data from Dun and Bradstreet. The analytical methods include an ordinary least squares model (OLS) and several spatial generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to identify the characteristics of census block groups associated with Access Link trip generation at home and away from home, Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis to identify the types of establishments located in the immediate vicinity of drop-offs, and a multinomial logit model (MNL) to examine the relationship between the characteristics of the establishments in the vicinity of drop-offs and the characteristics of the dropped-off clients. Together, the various analyses provide useful insights about paratransit trip generators at the macro and micro levels. Some implications of the findings are discussed.     

Travel time estimation oriented freeway sensor placement problem considering sensor failure

Optimal sensor placement on freeway corridor is of great interest to transportation authorities. However, current traffic sensors are easily subject to various failures. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate sensor failure into the optimal sensor placement model. In this article, a two-stage stochastic model is proposed for the purpose of travel time estimation on freeway corridor. To balance the effectiveness and reliability, a stochastic conditional value at risk (CVaR) model is also proposed. Since both models are too complicated, a customized genetic algorithm is developed. Numerical experiments show that considering sensor failure makes a significant performance improvement in the sensor placement pattern. Sensitivity analysis is also applied to investigate the impact of a number of allowable sensors and different traffic sensor failure probability.     

Power network parameter estimation method based on data mining technology

The parameter values which actually change with the circumstances, weather and load level etc.produce great effect to the result of state estimation. A new parameter estimation method based on data mining technology was proposed. The clustering method was used to classify the historical data in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) database as several types. The data processing technology was impliedto treat the isolated point, missing data and yawp data in samples for classified groups. The measurement data which belong to each classification were introduced to the linear regression equation in order to gain the regression coefficient and actual parameters by the least square method. A practical system demonstrates the high correctness, reliability and strong practicability of the proposed method.     

基于多种失效模式SPS复合钢板替换船用钢板的优化设计

在SPS复合钢板的设计中获取不同的失效模式。以减重为目标,应用序列二次规划法对SPS复合钢板进行等效船用钢板的优化设计,同时对SPS复合钢板进行多目标优化,应用层次分析法定各目标的权重。在这两种优化方法的基础上,对船用钢板与SPS复合钢板进行了屈曲、弯曲对比数值分析,同时将结果与理论计算结果对比分析。结果表明,SPS复合钢板重量能够减轻37%以上,刚度增加两倍多,但厚度增加70%。     

基于T-S模糊模型的船舶推进系统故障诊断研究

基于船舶推进系统基准(SPSB)测试平台,建立了船舶推进控制系统的T-S模糊模型,结合满意控制理论,通过模糊化与反模糊化将船舶推进系统分成多个局部子系统,给出了各局部子系统在执行器恒偏差故障下,满足多个性能指标约束的故障诊断观测器设计方法。利用Simulink工具箱建立了仿真模型,验证了船舶推进控制系统多性能指标约束下故障诊断观测器的正确性与有效性,为船舶推进系统的故障诊断提供了新的思路。     

大圆筒防波堤水平和竖向荷载共同作用下承载力数值模拟

大圆筒防波堤服役过程中受到水平荷载和竖向荷载的复合作用,并且不同的大圆筒结构因为直径及入土深度的不同,对水平荷载和竖向荷载复合作用的承载力也不同。采用Swipe加载模式,基于位移加载控制模式数值模拟了不同入土深度与直径比的薄壁大圆筒结构的承载力。计算结果表明:随着入土深度的增加,水平方向承载力线性增大,竖向承载力先期增速较大,后趋于稳定;当入土深度较小时,大圆筒薄壁结构两侧地基出现塑性贯通区,当入土深度较大时,两侧的塑性贯通区变为一侧出现;地基破坏时的水平和竖向荷载共同作用下承载力包络线呈外凸的椭圆形,随着大圆筒结构入土深度的增加,椭圆的半径增大;归一化的极限承载力变化趋势相同,得到偏于安全的承载力破坏包络线方程。