Influence of train length on in-train longitudinal forces during brake application

It needs some seconds for a signal, which is created from brake application, to travel from the first part of the train system (locomotive) to the end part of it (last wagon). Delay in time of all parts of the system (train) brake is seen which might deteriorate the longitudinal dynamic interaction of the long trains. For instance, this results in running of the rear cars to the front ones and hence producing large in-train forces at the buffers and couplers. Major parts of the rolling stock in railway system repair are known for relative compression and tension forces, which are applied to the whole train system and cause huge expenses for the industry. For trains with long lengths, operating in safe area is another important relation with train forces along the system. By using MATLAB simulation in this study, we investigated the length's effect on train dynamic along the system mainly for freight trains. We did our research on the trains which are currently used in Railways of Islamic Republic of Iran, RIRI. Four diverse cases were under our simulation, in each of which, trains consist of 52, 32, 20 and 12 cars, respectively. Two different forces (tension and compression) are displayed here as of the outcome of the research. Simulations show different forms of interplays in dynamics along the system. Then we compared the graphs to each other to find out detailed influences of length of the whole system (train including different number of wagons and locomotive) on dynamics of system along it while braking is applied.     

Analysis of the accident of the MVNakhodka. Part 2. Estimation of structural strength

In the early morning of January 2, 1997, a Russian tanker, the MVNakhodka, broke in two in the Sea of Japan. The fore part of the vessel drifted and was stranded on the coast of Japan, and the aft part sank. The coast of Japan was seriously polluted by spilled heavy oil. Following this disaster, the Japanese Government established a Committee for the Investigation of the Causes of the Casualty of theNakhodka. This paper deals with the structural strength of MVNakhodka at the time of the accident. First the structural characteristics of theNakhodka are described, and the reduction in thickness of the structural members are estimated based on the data measured on the fore part of the vessel which drifted ashose. Then the ultimate longitudinal strength of the hull girder at the time of the accident is evaluated by applying Smith's method, and the possibility of break-up collapse due to excess loads is discussed. The mechanism of fracture at the bottom plate is also discussed based on the observed fracture surfuce of the cross section. Finally an FEM (finite element method) simulation of the break-up of the hull girder is performed. It is shown that buckling/plastic collapse took place at the deck plate near Fr.153, which was followed by the successive buckling collapse of the side shell plate of the hull girder. Right after the collapse of the deck structure, the bottom plate fractured just in front of the transverse bulkhead at Fr.153. This article is based on an article that appeared in Japanese in the Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, vol. 183 (1998).     

基于协调版共同结构规范的好望角型散货船甲板纵骨疲劳分析

协调版共同结构规范于2015年7月1日正式生效,在制定该规范过程中,散货船甲板纵骨的疲劳评估方法和评估结果受到业界重点关注。文章基于2014版规范要求和2015年发布的修改通报对大型散货船的甲板纵骨进行疲劳强度评估和分析,相关分析结论对结构设计具有指导性意义。     

加肋圆柱体水下低频辐射声特性研究

为掌握不同激励下加肋圆柱体水下低频辐射声频谱特征,揭示辐射声峰值对应的优势模态及弯纵耦合现象规律,该文利用三维水弹性声辐射计算方法,针对加肋圆柱体的梁模型和有限元壳模型,计算分析其水下不同激励的声源级传递函数,分析声源级曲线峰值与单个模态声源级分量的对应关系,得出垂向激励时,辐射声峰值对应于垂向弯曲模态;轴向激励时,辐射声峰值对应于轴向模态,同时运用壳模型计算结果发现梁模型所不能反映的弯纵耦合现象。比较了不同激励辐射声源级传递函数,得出所分析频带内,轴向单位力激励总声级比垂向略大。并比较不同模型的结果,指出梁模型的适用范围。     

82000dwt散货船底部纵骨节点疲劳分析优化

自从散货船共同规范(2006)颁布后,极大地提高了船舶设计的安全度,对于船舶结构的疲劳计算如何在满足CSR疲劳寿命要求的前提下,有效可行的优化是讨论热点。通过对几种不同的散货船底部纵骨节点进行疲劳分析比较,证明了一些可行的优化方案,并提出了对于这些节点在简化计算法中可参照使用的系数。经节点优化及采用有限元直接计算证明,散货船底部纵骨取消背部肘板,仍能保证疲劳寿命,对船厂节约成本有重大意义。     

基于全周期抽样的搜索自适应Monte Carlo重要抽样法的船舶总纵强度可靠性研究

引入随机过程理论,确定表征船舶总纵弯曲载荷和强度的随机变量的概率分布及统计特征,针对船体梁总纵弯曲的失效模式,提出全周期抽样的搜索自适应Monte Carlo重要抽样法进行船体总纵强度可靠性分析;该方法对传统的Monte Carlo法进行改进,有效地平衡了Monte Carlo方法的计算速度与计算精度之间的矛盾,利用较少的抽样次数可得到更加理想的抽样密度函数和收敛速度更快、精度更高的失效概率计算结果;最后以某军用艇为例,分别采用本文方法与JC法进行船体总纵强度可靠性评估,并对计算结果进行了比对分析.     

枢纽下游水位降落问题探讨

根据有关文献报道,对国内外部分已建枢纽坝下河床调整及水位降落情况进行了综述。分析了影响河床调整的主要因素以及河床调整与水位降落的关系,提出了防止水位降落影响通航水流条件的治理措施。     

桥墩温差荷载引起的桥上无缝线路钢轨附加力

采用单位荷载法计算桥墩温差荷载引起的墩顶纵向位移。根据梁轨相互作用原理,建立“轨—梁—墩”有限元模型,计算桥墩温差引起的桥上无缝线路钢轨附加力,研究桥墩温差引起的钢轨附加力的分布规律及其影响因素。研究表明:多跨简支梁桥墩温差引起的钢轨附加力的最大压力出现在右桥台处,最大拉力出现在靠近左桥台的边墩处,离桥台越远,钢轨附加力越小;随着墩高的增加,桥墩温差引起的钢轨附加力增大,建议在设计高墩桥上无缝线路时,应考虑桥墩温差引起的钢轨附加力,并与其他钢轨附加力叠加检算钢轨强度和无缝线路稳定性;桥墩温差引起的钢轨附加力,随着桥墩纵向水平线刚度的增加先快速增大,到一定程度后变缓;桥梁跨度对桥墩温差引起的钢轨附加力影响很小;钢轨附加力随着简支梁跨数的增加而增大,但逐渐变缓,当简支梁跨数超过18跨以后,钢轨附加力不再增长。     

京沪高速南京长江大桥结点受力性能分析

在建中的京沪高速南京大胜关长江大桥是1座6线铁路三主桁的六跨连续钢桁拱桥,桥面系为道碴整体桥面的多横梁体系,主桁下弦结点的构造很复杂。在全桥整体分析的基础上,对结点考虑构造细节作了更精确的局部分析。论述了结点的截取原则和范围,力边界条件、位移边界条件的施加方法,结点受力状态可能最不利活载工况的选取原则和选取方法。对结点选取5种可能最不利活载工况与恒载和风荷载组合后进行了局部分析。结果表明:局部分析可以获得结点板等部位整体分析中无法得到详细的应力分布;整体分析中与结点相连的杆端应力集中现象在局部分析中得到很大的,表明结点处加高、加厚、加强等构造措施很有效。     

轨道交通线路纵断面节能坡设置研究

该文通过对城市轨道交通节能坡的节能原理和不同工况的分析研究,提出节能坡的合理设置位置,坡段长度,坡度值等建议,有效地降低轨道交通牵引能耗.