The dynamic study of locomotives under saturated adhesion

In order to study the dynamic behaviours of locomotives under saturated adhesion, the stability and characteristics of stick–slip vibration are analysed using the concepts of mean and dynamic slip rates. The longitudinal vibration phenomenon of the wheelset when stick–slip occurs is put forward and its formation mechanism is made clear innovatively. The stick–slip vibration is a dynamic process between the stick and the slip states. The decreasing of mean and dynamic slip rates is conducive to its stability, which depends on the W/R adhesion damping. The torsion vibration of the driving system and the longitudinal vibration of the wheelset are coupled through the longitudinal tangential force when the wheelset alternates between the stick and the slip states. The longitudinal oscillation frequencies of the wheelset are integral multiples of the natural frequency of torsion vibration of the driving system. A train dynamic model integrated with an electromechanical and a control system is established to simulate the stick–slip vibration phenomenon under saturated adhesion to verify the theoretical analysis. The results show that increases of the longitudinal axle guidance stiffness and the motor suspension stiffness are beneficial to the stick–slip vibration stability and the locomotive's traction ability. The optimised matching of the longitudinal axle guidance stiffness and the motor suspension stiffness are helpful to avoid longitudinal resonance when the stick–slip vibration occurs.     

Optimisation of railway crossing geometry considering a representative set of wheel profiles

A numerical method for robust geometry optimisation of railway crossings is presented. The robustness is achieved by optimising the crossing geometry for a representative set of wheel profiles. As a basis for the optimisation, a crossing geometry is created where rail cross-sectional profiles and longitudinal height profiles of both wing rails and crossing nose are parameterised. Based on the approximation that the two problems are decoupled, separate optimisations are performed for the cross-sectional rail profiles and the longitudinal height profiles. The rail cross sections are optimised to minimise the maximum Hertzian wheel–rail contact pressure. The longitudinal height profiles are optimised to minimise the accumulated damage in the wing rail to crossing nose transition zone. The accumulated damage is approximated using an objective criterion that accounts for the angle of the wheel trajectory reversal during the transition from the wing rail to the crossing nose as well as the distribution of transition points for the utilised wheel profile set. It is found that small nonlinear height deviations from a linear longitudinal wing rail profile in the transition zone can reduce the objective compared to the nominal design. It is further demonstrated that the variation in wheel profile shapes, lateral wheel displacements and the feasible transition zone length of the crossing will determine the longitudinal height profiles of the wing rail and crossing nose if all wheel profiles are to make their transition within the transition zone.     

预应力连续梁悬拼施工关键技术研究与应用

基于高精度几何线形控制和大型机械化集成装备系统施工的节段预制桥梁悬拼技术,已广泛用于国内外桥梁施工。根据厄瓜多尔国家联合大桥（巴巴奥约河大桥）75 m跨径连续梁桥的工程特点,采用有限元法计算全桥预拱度,采用GeomPro软件控制与调整几何线形,介绍JP75架桥机、水上龙门吊、悬臂支架锁定、长束张拉、强制合龙及体系转换等关键设备与施工技术的研究与应用。     

高速轻型穿浪双体船纵向运动改善措施研究

针对在改善高速轻型穿浪双体船(WPC)迎浪中波长与船长接近时纵向运动幅度较大的缺点,采用了理论计算与模型试验相结合的方法,对250 t级穿浪双体船开展了水翼改善纵向运动的理论和试验研究,分析了水翼形式、尺度和安装位置等对纵向运动的影响规律。数值计算和试验结果的比较表明,计及水翼—船体水动力干扰影响的切片理论可满足WPC加水翼后波浪中纵向运动计算的需要,但在纵向运动响应峰值处数值计算结果偏高。模型试验表明,250 t级WPC加装水翼后,迎浪纵摇和垂荡有义幅值可减少20%～30%。     

水面舰船规范中甲板纵骨稳定性校核的差异研究

甲板纵骨的稳定性问题是水面舰船结构设计中的一个重要问题。《舰船通用规范》和《水面舰艇结构设计计算方法》对纵骨带板折减系数取法的差异有时会导致工程中出现不同的结果。从理论上分析了《舰船通用规范》和《水面舰艇结构设计计算方法》对纵骨屈曲分析评估方法的差异,并用数值算例结果给予说明。研究结果为:《舰船通用规范》中的稳定性校核标准较《水面舰艇结构设计计算方法》严格,对于理解和修订国军标以及保证舰船结构安全有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

船舶水平纵向浮船坞下水分析

通过采用有限元法求解船舶下水过程中的墩木反力变化过程,进而得出浮船坞压载水调节方案。为了进一步检验该模型的可靠性,根据计算模型编写计算程序对50000吨级散货船的水平纵向浮船坞下水过程进行计算模拟,实际结果表明该模型能满足船舶水平纵向浮船坞下水受力分析的精度要求。     

气垫船高速纵稳性与艏裙流体动力性能分析

在气动力与水动力的联合作用下,艏部围裙的响应度及抗缩进能力与气垫船的阻力、纵稳性及耐波性密切相关。该文结合气垫船的升沉、纵倾及艏部围裙在气动力和水动力联合作用下的响应特性,对全垫升气垫船艏部围裙响应性能、抗缩进性能和高速纵稳性计算方法进行了初步的探讨和研究。     

城际铁路桥上纵向承台式无砟轨道扣件系统关键参数研究

为研究城际铁路纵向承台式无砟轨道扣件系统关键参数取值,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,建立客车-无砟轨道-桥梁耦合动力学模型,分析扣件刚度、扣件间距对桥上无砟轨道系统动力响应的影响规律,并基于层次分析法,对桥上无砟轨道系统动力特性进行综合评价。结果表明:随着扣件系统刚度增大,钢轨垂向位移减小,车体振动加速度、轮轨垂向力、轮重减载率和桥梁振动加速度均增大;随着扣件间距的增大,轮轨垂向力减小,车体振动加速度、轮重减载率、钢轨垂向位移和桥梁振动加速度均增大;综合考虑轨道变形以及工程造价,建议扣件系统刚度为50～80 kN/mm,扣件间距为0.6～0.7 m。     

60 kg/m钢轨和60N钢轨轮轨接触几何关系对比分析

为揭示我国新研究设计的60N钢轨的轮轨接触几何关系,运用常用的迹线法,以LM型和LMA型车轮踏面为例,对60 kg/m钢轨(简称60钢轨)和60N钢轨轮轨接触几何关系及其对轨底坡和轮对摇头的适应性进行详细研究。结果表明:相比60钢轨,60N钢轨与LM型和LMA型踏面匹配时,轮轨接触点在钢轨上位于钢轨中心位置附近,同时不会在钢轨轨距角附近出现轮轨接触,且在发生轮缘接触前,60N钢轨相比60钢轨对应的等效锥度随着轮对横移量变化很小,说明60N钢轨有效的改善了轮轨接触几何关系;同60钢轨,60N钢轨对于LM型车轮踏面,当轨底坡为1/20时匹配更佳,对于LMA型车轮踏面,当轨底坡为1/40时匹配更佳,而摇头角对60钢轨和60N钢轨的影响基本一致。     

基于虚拟激励法的轨道车辆垂向振动响应分析

针对传统的随机振动分析方法计算复杂、计算量大的问题,提出采用虚拟激励法求解轨道车辆的垂向振动响应,建立某型车辆的垂向动力学模型,求解车辆的垂向振动响应并验证模型的正确性.与传统求解方法的计算结果比较表明,虚拟激励法适合于求解车辆的垂向振动响应,并且计算简单.在频域内对车辆垂向振动响应的分析表明:随着车辆运行速度的提高,车体、前后转向架以及一位轮对的垂向加速度的功率谱密度和振动主频均增大,轮对的垂向振动经一系悬挂传到转向架,再经二系悬挂传到车体,其振动频率f降低,振动幅值迅速减小,传到车体上时振动已变得很弱;f＞5Hz时,车体、前后转向架和一位轮对垂向加速度的功率谱密度均随着一系阻尼器两端橡胶节点刚度与一系弹簧刚度比值的增大而增加,尤其是车体和前后转向架的垂向加速度的功率谱密度变化更为明显,因此降低橡胶节点的刚度有利于提高车辆运行的平稳性.