先张预应力空心板梁纵向裂缝调查与成因分析

针对在役先张法空心板梁底板的纵向裂缝病害,专门进行了大量板梁桥的现场调查和检测。在调查基础上,进行了裂缝分布、性状和有关参数的归纳统计,初步探明了纵向裂缝的分布规律,并对病害成因、影响进行了定性的分析探讨,为后续深入的研究和处治对策提供参考。     

MFB2带圆弧段凸轮优化设计

构造了MFB2带圆弧段凸轮型线,该类型线具有大的气门开启时面值。给出了型线的构造和设计方法.在机构动力学分析的基础上,建立了以凸轮型线时面值为目标函数,以气门落座速度、凸轮最大接触应力、凸轮最小曲率半径、气门活塞最小距离等为约束条件的动态优化设计模型。数值算例表明,该型线具有很好的充气性能及较好的动力性能。     

竖向荷载和弹条扣压力对WJ-8扣件纵向阻力影响试验研究

扣件阻力是无缝线路的关键参数。为研究竖向荷载和弹条扣压力(扭矩)对扣件纵向阻力的影响,以WJ-8型扣件为研究对象,开展不同竖向荷载和扭矩下扣件纵向阻力-位移试验,得到不同工况下扣件纵向阻力-位移变化特征。试验结果表明:(1)扣件滑移之前,扣件纵向阻力-位移关系受竖向荷载的影响不显著;(2)不同竖向荷载和扭矩下扣件纵向阻力-位移关系可用幂指函数进行拟合;(3)扣件滑移阻力随竖向荷载的增加而线性递增,且竖向荷载越大,扣件滑移阻力随扭矩的增加而增加的幅度减小;(4)不同工况下扣件纵向阻力-位移曲线存在滞回效应特性,滞回曲线可采用幂指数型函数拟合得到。     

“双元制”模式教学研究初探

近些年来,我国引进德国"双元制"教学模式,使得我国汽车专业学校和企业的合作更上一层楼,因此对"双元制"职业教学模式结果的研究也在社会上引起关注。从三个方面来进行探究,分别是分析"双元制"职教发展概况,只有先了解什么是"双元制"、它发展如何,才能进一步熟知它的教学模式,二是德国"双元制"对我国高等职业教育发展的启发和作用,这是重中之重。三是德国"双元制"在汽车专业中的实践运用,引入一种模式之后必然在实践运用中才能证明是否正确。     

隧道波纹钢板套衬接头抗弯性能有限元分析

为进一步探讨隧道波纹钢套衬结构纵向连接接头的安全性和适用性问题，对不同型号拼装式波纹钢板纵向接头抗弯力学性能进行研究，选取200 mm×55 mm、300 mm×110 mm和400 mm×150 mm 3种型号波纹钢板试件进行接头抗弯数值模拟。共设计12种工况，对比不同规格螺栓的应力分布规律、变形破坏形式及不同螺栓预紧力条件下的法兰板极限承载力及变形破坏特征，就螺栓应力、跨中挠度、极限承载力、法兰板接缝张开量及塑性破坏等方面进行深入分析。研究结果表明： 1）螺栓主要受拉弯变形，内侧螺栓较外侧螺栓受力更大，率先达到屈服状态； 2）接头薄弱点主要在于法兰板，其更容易发生变形破坏； 3）螺栓预紧力对波纹钢板的极限承载力、跨中挠度及接缝张开量均有一定的影响； 4）大波形波纹钢板极限抗弯承载能力约为深波形和中波形的1.36倍和1.67倍。     

On model-based longitudinal feed-forward motion control for low velocities on known road profiles

ABSTRACT

So far, longitudinal motion control has focused on situations like highway driving, where disturbances of the road profile can be neglected. In this paper, we show how the Two Point Tire Model can be used to derive a novel feed-forward control law for a vehicle's longitudinal motion that considers the effects of the road profile and can complement existing control approaches. For this purpose, we recapitulate the basic model assumptions and equations and briefly discuss how it can be used on arbitrary road profiles. Two approaches for implementation in a real vehicle are presented. Comparisons of these approaches in simulation and to a human driver of an experimental vehicle show that the controller can deal with stepped obstacles of up to 14?cm in height. However, the control performance is essentially limited by the actuator delay and human drivers outperform the controller due to their ability of sensing subtle vehicle motions. The results indicate that the control performance can be further improved by using a preview on the necessary drive torque, which can be provided by the solution that we propose.     

铁路车辆承载鞍鞍面内弧半径测量系统的研究

阐述了用线激光三角法进行铁路车辆承载鞍内弧半径测量的方法,提出了一种可行的标定方案,通过计算得到测量系统的参数初值,并由此确定标定点的选取,通过三坐标机的探针在平台上移动来获取标定点的坐标,得到二维标定表,利用插值获得承载鞍内弧曲面的坐标,由此拟合出内弧轮廓的方程并来求得承载鞍的半径.     

Design of an optimised wheel profile for rail vehicles operating on two-track gauges

This article sets out an optimum synthesis methodology for wheel profiles of railway vehicles in order to secure good dynamic behaviour with different track configurations. Specifically, the optimisation process has been applied to the case of rail wheelsets mounted on double-gauge bogies that move over two different gauges, which also have different types of rail: the Iberian gauge (1668 mm) and the International Union of Railways (UIC) gauge (1435 mm). Optimisation is performed using Genetic Algorithms and traditional optimisation methods in a complementary way. The objective function used is based on an ideal equivalent conicity curve which ensures good stability on straight sections and also proper negotiation of curves. To this end, the curve is constructed in such a way that it is constant with a low value for small lateral wheelset displacements (with regard to stability), and increases as the displacements increase (to facilitate negotiation of curved sections). Using this kind of ideal conicity curve also enables a wheel profile to be secured where the contact points have a larger distribution over the active contact areas, making wear more homogeneous and reducing stresses. The result is a wheel profile with a conicity that is closer to the target conicity for both gauges studied, producing better curve negotiation while maintaining good stability on straight sections of track. The article shows the resultant wheel profile, the contact curves it produces, and a number of dynamic analyses demonstrating better dynamic behaviour of the synthesised wheel on curved sections with respect to the original wheel.     

A study on the effect of different tyre imperfections on steering wheel vibration

Multibody dynamics and tyre models have made possible detailed analysis not only for ride and handling, but also for determining their effects on tyre nonuniformities. The aim of this paper is to analyse the steering wheel vibration, both shimmy and shake, excited by different tyre imperfections by using the commercial simulation package ADAMS/car 2005R2 and FTire. Different settings with respect to imperfection locations, amount, and the combined effects of defects have been studied. An interesting beat phenomenon is observed when all the wheels have imperfections. A procedure to determine the type of imperfections in the tyre from the results of the test rig has also been proposed.     

城市高架道路的中日设计规范比较

对中日两国在城市高架道路方面的设计规范进行比较,分析日本在用地条件极端困难的情况下建设城市高架道路所采取的各种有别于公路桥梁的方法,探寻在规划设计方面趋利避害的方法。提出保证桥上建筑限界、增加路缘带宽度、压缩护栏结构尺寸等思路,并对桥梁最大纵坡和匝道最小宽度等问题进行探讨。