Numerical study on breaking phenomena of ships’ waves in narrow and shallow waterways

The environmental impact of a ships waves, such as the risk of erosion of coasts and riverbanks, and unacceptable ship movements in a restricted waterway, is now a significant ship design criterion. Therefore, it is necessary to predict ship-wave phenomena accurately in a restricted waterway. In this study, a numerical investigation of the breaking phenomena of a ships waves in restricted waterways was carried out. Incompressible Navier–Stokes and continuity equations were employed. The equations are discretized by a finite-difference method in a curvilinear coordinate system. The interface capturing method was applied to simulation of a ships waves, including wave-breaking. A modification of the level-set method is proposed to find the free surface shape clearly and without difficulty of the implemation of the boundary conditions for the distance function. In order to obtain a high resolution of wave height, a constrained interpolated profile (CIP) algorithm is adopted. In order to check the advantage of the CIP method, computations by two numerical methods, the CIP and the 3rd-order up-wind scheme, were compared. The computations for a Wigley hull in restricted waterways were performed and compared with experiments. The phenomena of ships waves in restricted waterways are discussed in order to understand the mechanism of wave-breaking in relation to the change in water depth along a waterway.     

盾构管片纵向接缝位置对结构内力和变形的影响分析

根据盾构隧道管片衬砌之间的连接特性、衬砌结构与土层之间的相互作用性质，提出了基于弹性地基理论的盾构隧道管片衬砌结构的梁-弹性铰-地基系统模型，并研制了相应的有限元分析程序FHEF，该模型能直接计算出盾构隧道管片衬砌结枸的轴力、剪力、弯矩和变形，将计算结果直接用于工程设计。依据二维计算模型，就盾构隧道管片衬砌结构纵向接缝不同位置对衬砌结构的内力影响进行了详细计算分析，计算结果表明，纵向接缝的不同位置对结构的内力和变形不容忽视，工程设计时应从结构设计和防水设计等多个角度来确定纵向接缝的设置，从而指导工程实践。     

高速公路平面控制网坐标系统的选择

从高速公路建立设计阶段路线平面控制测量的特点出发,就其平面控制网坐标系统的选择与确定问题进行探讨,并在分析高斯投影变形的基础上,对5种平面控制网坐标系统的特点及其适用范围进行分析。     

Road profile input estimation in vehicle dynamics simulation

Vehicle motion simulation accuracy, such as in accident reconstruction or vehicle controllability analysis on real roads, can be obtained only if valid road profile and tire-road friction models are available. Regarding road profiles, a new method based on sliding mode observers has been developed and is compared with two inertial methods. Experimental results are shown and discussed to evaluate the robustness of our approach.     

基于路面排水要求的公路几何设计

路面排水不畅会影响路面和路基的耐久性和稳定性,危及行车安全.在公路几何设计中,应充分考虑路面排水的要求,从根本上解决路面排水不畅的问题.从横断面、纵断面以及平纵面组合设计3个方面讨论了影响路面排水的因素,并提出了解决办法.     

多年冻土地区路基纵向裂缝影响因素

根据青藏公路纵向裂缝现场勘察和形成机理分析,认为导致路基纵向裂缝的主要原因是路基边坡坡脚下融化区的产生及发展。通过非线性弹塑性有限元分析,研究了融化深度、融化区位置和融化区切入长度对纵向裂缝形成的影响规律。研究结果表明：随着融化深度不断加深,纵向裂缝产生的可能性增加,且规模逐渐增大,但并不影响裂缝产生的位置;融化区切入长度不同,纵向裂缝产生的位置不同,纵向裂缝的规模也不同;在所有切入长度中,存在一个临界长度,此时纵向裂缝的规模最大;随着融化区中心位置不断向路基中心移动,路基纵向裂缝呈现出复杂的变化现象,融化区中心位置影响路基纵向裂缝是否产生及其产生的位置。     

行星齿轮结构的混合动力汽车的系统效率

首先分析了一种行星齿轮结构的混合动力电动汽车的纵向动力学方程，并且研究了不同情况下的汽车系统效率，得到了系统效率优化的目标函数和约束条件，随后利用序列二次规划算法对混合动力电动汽车系统效率进行了优化计算，从而确定了每种工况下的最佳蓄电池功率和最佳减速比。     

轮胎包容特性分析及其在汽车振动系统建模中的应用

本文分析了轮胎与路面的接触特点，将汽车承载系统简化为二自由度垂直振动系统，建立了同时考虑轮胎几何滤波效应与弹性滤波效应的弹性滚子接触模型。基于刚性滚子模型和弹性滚子模型，仿真出滚子包容后的有效路形。     

太长高速公路平、纵面线形组合设计

结合太长高速公路线形设计，对平面设计与纵面设计的组合谈一些体会。     

渐开线直齿插齿刀最佳齿形角的求法

插齿刀的齿形角一般按齿形角修正公式来求,但此时的齿形设计误差不是最小。本文在推导出齿形误差计算公式的基础上,给出一种使齿形设计误差最小的最佳齿形角的求法。