高强度带中梁铝合金型材断面研究

介绍了一种高强度带中梁的铝合金型材断面。仿真计算结果表明,在保证设计结构和工艺装备基本不变的前提下,该铝合金型材断面能够提高动车组铝合金车体的压缩强度。研究数据和仿真试验结果为设计满足更高强度和刚度标准的铝合金车体提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

隧道围岩变形的时空特性研究

隧道围岩变形时空特性是支护结构动态设计的基础依据,针对速度350 km/h高速铁路客运专线双线隧道,采用数值模拟方法研究隧道围岩变形的空间分布特点和演化规律,提出反映围岩变形时空效应的拱顶纵向变形曲线拟合公式。在自重应力场下,隧道拱底位移值最大,施工中应尽早施作仰拱结构;道床底面以上拱顶位置位移最大,与坍塌、冒顶事故密切相关,应作为工程现场监测的重点。掌子面对前方未开挖围岩约束效应显著,围岩变形空间分布较为均匀,非圆效应对掌子面后方围岩变形影响显著,各阶段围岩变形随时间的演化规律具有明显的自相似特征。通过拟合分析提出高速铁路隧道拱顶纵向变形曲线的计算公式,基于任意3种新工况与Vlachopoulos公式进行对比分析,证明了新提出的计算公式应用效果良好。     

纵向轨枕减振垫安装误差 对结构振动影响的数值分析

介绍纵向轨枕轨道系统,利用减振垫这一间 隔支撑结构,使轨枕浮置于混凝土整体道床之上,实现 轻量级质量 － 弹簧系统的构想。减振垫是纵向轨枕主 要的减振部件之一,在轨枕生产安装过程中,由于工装 手段及方法等原因减振垫所出现的倾斜等现象。采用 有限元方法建立纵向轨枕轨道结构分析模型,运用动 力学方法对比分析减振垫倾斜度对结构振动的影响, 为纵向轨枕的生产指导、性能测试等提供参考,也为减 振垫长期使用老化后的影响分析提供参考。     

高速铁路多联大跨连续梁桥上无缝线路纵向附加力规律研究

高速铁路多联大跨连续梁日益增多,而该情况下桥上无缝线路设计经验较少,探讨桥上无缝线路纵向附加力变化规律,对桥梁墩台及桥上无缝线路设计具有重要意义。建立了钢轨-扣件阻力-梁体-墩台一体化空间非线形有限元梁轨相互作用模型,并利用Ansys分析软件进行求解,计算分析了不同扣件阻力及不同桥跨布置工况下桥上无缝线路纵向附加力,并总结出纵向附加力变化规律,对多联大跨连续梁桥上无缝线路及桥墩设计有直接指导作用。     

考虑支座摩阻效应柔性墩纵向水平力优化设计

为研究支座摩阻效应对柔性墩台纵向水平力的影响,基于墩顶抗推刚度集成法,提出了考虑支座摩阻效应墩顶纵向水平分配力的二次分配理论框架。基于某一简支梁桥采用本文理论方法进行摩阻系数为0,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06下的墩顶水平力分析,并获取最优摩阻系数取值。结果表明：墩顶纵向水平力的分配与支座摩阻系数有关,不考虑支座摩阻力会使得墩顶水平力离散性较大,各墩顶水平力差异化明显。在计算汽车制动力对墩顶纵向水平分力影响时,支座的摩阻效应不可忽略。通过对某一实际简支梁桥计算分析,采用摩阻系数为0.03的支座可使得墩顶在纵向水平力分配更为合理。本文的研究成果可为桥梁结构的支座选用提供参考。     

An inverse design method for rail grinding profiles

Inspired by the optimisation design method for restoration of worn wheel profiles, an inverse design method based on optimal rail grinding profiles is presented in this paper. To improve grinding quality, vehicle dynamic performance is chosen as the main criteria and rolling radii difference function is selected as the key factor (also main target function) determining dynamic performance. Grinding material to be removed is chosen as the auxiliary target aimed at extending rail service life. Besides that, wheel–rail contact distribution is also taken into consideration as an auxiliary target preventing stress concentration and fatigue growth. By introducing certain presuppositions, all the design targets will form an inverse design problem. This problem can be solved using hybrid discrete numerical methods. Considering different grinding requirements, two examples of grinding profile design for straight and curved track will be discussed. Results show that the presented method is efficient and effective. Practical implementation has been carried out at several grinding sites in China.     

Atkinson循环发动机配气机构改进分析

基于发动机燃油经济性升级需求,将传统的Otto循环发动机改为阿特金森(Atkinson)循环发动机,其中,配气机构的改进是完成循环改型的关键。对某汽油机配气机构建立模型,并进行运动学和动力学计算分析,进而对凸轮型线进行优化设计,对配气正时进行再设计研究。利用进排气凸轮轴的双VVT机构,在不同转速和负荷下对改型后的发动机进行了双VVT的优化控制设计。台架试验结果表明,发动机成功地完成了Atkinson循环的转换,最低燃油消耗率由原机的250g/(kW·h)降低到232g/(kW·h),且低油耗区向常用发动机工况移动,验证了配气机构设计方法的正确性和有效性。     

Self-tuning control algorithm design for vehicle adaptive cruise control system through real-time estimation of vehicle parameters and road grade

The main purpose of this paper is to design a self-tuning control algorithm for an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system that can adapt its behaviour to variations of vehicle dynamics and uncertain road grade. To this aim, short-time linear quadratic form (STLQF) estimation technique is developed so as to track simultaneously the trend of the time-varying parameters of vehicle longitudinal dynamics with a small delay. These parameters are vehicle mass, road grade and aerodynamic drag-area coefficient. Next, the values of estimated parameters are used to tune the throttle and brake control inputs and to regulate the throttle/brake switching logic that governs the throttle and brake switching. The performance of the designed STLQF-based self-tuning control (STLQF-STC) algorithm for ACC system is compared with the conventional method based on fixed control structure regarding the speed/distance tracking control modes. Simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm improves the performance of throttle and brake controllers, providing more comfort while travelling, enhancing driving safety and giving a satisfactory performance in the presence of different payloads and road grade variations.     

基于STF切片理论的狭窄航道中船舶纵向运动研究

基于STF切片理论对狭窄航道中低速船舶的纵向运动进行预报,开发适用于中低速船舶辐射水动力计算的程序,通过数值计算求得wigley III船模垂荡和纵摇运动的附加质量和阻尼系数,同时将计算结果与实验值进行比较,结果吻合较好,验证了程序的有效性。在此基础上,进一步分析不同水深和不同航道半宽对船舶附加质量和阻尼系数的影响。     

高速公路纵坡自由流运行速度特性和模型的研究

该文通过分析高速公路不同纵坡上大量的自由流运行速度实测数据,探索小型车在纵坡上的运行规律,标定了高速公路纵坡自由流运行速度仿真模型,为高速公路设计提供客观依据,也为交通仿真技术和ITS技术解决现有用计算行车速度所设计的纵坡线所带来的运行车辆速度的不连续和设计要素间的不相容问题提供内核。