Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.     

Can Coastal Management Programs Protect and Promote Water-Dependent Uses?

Anecdotal evidence indicates that commercial and recreational water-dependent uses have been under development pressure in recent years, and in some cases have been converted to other uses. The conversion of water-dependent uses, which range from commercial shipyards to recreational marinas, may have many public costs, including the loss of access to public trust waters, the loss of jobs and associated economic activity, and the loss of traditional working waterfronts. This two-part study investigated the role of five coastal management programs in the northeastern United States in managing, monitoring, and protecting water-dependent uses. First, coastal managers in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York and New Jersey were interviewed to assess the conversion problem. Second, in collaboration with New York City-based Regional Plan Association, follow-up interviews were conducted with coastal managers and local planners in Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey to gain greater insight into the role of coastal management programs and local governments in managing and promoting water-dependent uses. This article presents select findings from this study and discusses recommendations for improving the capacity of coastal management programs and local governments to manage water-dependent uses for the benefit of the public.     

浅谈现行体制下的农村公路管养工作

随着农村公路建设力度的不断加大,农村公路通车里程大幅度增加,使农村公路养护管理工作的重要地位日益彰显。目前,我省正处于＂养护转型、管理升级、改革加速、服务提高＂的新阶段,如何破解约缚生产力发展的体制性障碍,积极探索建立符合市场经济体制要求的新型农村公路养护模式,实现快速转型发展已经成为摆在我们面前的一项重要课题。     

粘层强度车辙疲劳试验研究

目前的粘层强度试验不能反映粘层的真实强度,鉴于此,先采用车辙仪碾压模拟道路实际运行环境,然后用拉拔、剪切试验测定车辙碾压后粘层的实际强度,并与车辙疲劳前粘层的强度进行对比。试验证明：该方法能真实地反映粘层强度,较目前常用的试验方法更为科学。     

汽车维修企业生产管理模式分析

介绍了汽车维修企业采用的两种生产管理模式，并作了较详缅比较，为汽车维修企业的管理者结合本企业的实际进行生产管理提供借鉴。     

浅谈互动式教学方法在应用文写作教学中的运用

当今,以培养高技能应用型人才为目标的高职教育中,传统的讲授式教学方法已不能适应人才培养的要求。针对应用写作课程的特点及学生的实际情况,笔者在教学实践中合理运用互动式教学方法是提高学生兴趣,实现应用写作教学目的的有效途径。     

深水定位系统的安全管理(英文)

Based on relevant in-service experience, this paper discusses how risks associated with station-keeping systems can be controlled through adequate design criteria, inspection, repair and maintenance practice, as well as quality assurance and control of the engineering processes. Particular focus must be placed on quantitative design for system robustness. The application of structural reliability analysis to quantify safety is briefly reviewed. In particular it was emphasized that reliability predictions based on normal uncertainties and variability yielded lower failure rates than those experienced for predictions of hulls and catenary mooring systems; gross errors in design, fabrication and operation were responsible. For this reason the broad safety management approach mentioned above was proposed. Moreover, it was found that this approach needed to be supported by a quantitative risk assessment. Finally, the challenges in dealing with the effects of human factors in risk management are outlined, along with means to deal with them in a qualitative manner, by the so-called barrier method to limit risk.     

堆载预压在小型结构物及桥头路基施工中的应用

堆载预压是提高地基承我力的一种有效方法。通过实例分析，深入阐述堆我预压在高速公路小型结构物及桥头两侧应用的计算方法、质量控制要点，有利于该方法的推广应用。     

PLC及网络技术在高速公路供电系统中的应用

高速公路供电系统的安全可靠是确保高速公路机电设备正常运转、维护高速公路安全畅通的重要基础。在现场调研的基础上，根据高速公路供电系统的特点和具体条件，提出建立高速公路供电监视控制与数据采集（supervisory control and data acquisition，缩写：SCADA）系统。将可编程控制器应用于高速公路沿线各变电站（所）供电系统的监控；计算机用于各重点路段监控站和中心的管理；采用网络技术，构成分层分布式自动化系统，以满足现代高速公路供电系统的自动化发展需要。