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A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsible authorities. Much of the research on compliance proposes causal mechanisms at the individual human level, but few studies test causal paths with empirical data particularly at the site level. This study tested a proposed pathway for explaining overall compliance rates and ecological performance in SES using data from structured surveys of community members, key informant interviews, policy documents, and coral reef surveys at marine protected areas (MPAs) and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean. Findings indicate that compliance and other active MPA management interventions positively affect ecological performance, and site-level contextual factors (level of community development and being part of a political network) positively influence significant predictors of overall compliance rates, which include active MPA management and enforced punishments. 相似文献
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In 2014, Seattle implemented its own bike-sharing system, Pronto. However, the system ultimately ceased operation three years later on March 17th, 2017. To learn from this failure, this paper seeks to understand factors that encourage, or discourage, bike-sharing trip generation and attraction at the station level. This paper investigates the effects of land use, roadway design, elevation, bus trips, weather, and temporal factors on three-hour long bike pickups and returns at each docking station. To address temporal autocorrelations and the nonlinear seasonality, the paper implements a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) that incorporates the joint effects of a time metric and time-varying variables. The paper estimates models on total counts of pickups and returns, as well as pickups categorized by user types and by location. The results clarify that effects of hilly terrain and the rainy weather, two commonly perceived contributors to the failure. Additionally, results suggest that users in the University District, presumably mostly university students, tend to use shared bikes in neighborhoods with a higher household density and a higher percentage of residential land use, and make bike-sharing trips regardless workdays or non-workdays. The paper also contributes to the discussion on the relationship between public transportation service and bike-sharing. In general, users tend to use bike-sharing more at stations that have more scheduled bus trips nearby. However, some bike-sharing users may shift to bus services during peak hours and rainy weather. Several strategies are proposed accordingly to increase bike ridership in the future. 相似文献
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肖奕珊 《广州航海高等专科学校学报》2015,(1):44-46
本文首先分析了海事调查英语培训考试大纲,然后在培训考试大纲分析的基础上为不同级别的海事调查官设计该课程的教学内容、教学重点以及教学方式.实践培训课程表明设计的教学内容和方式符合海事调查官的实际工作需求,并取得良好的教学效果. 相似文献
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以船用大功率低速柴油机柔性体曲轴为对象,在考虑气体力、运动部件惯性力、扭纵耦合效应等因素的情况下,建立曲轴、连杆、活塞的刚柔混合动力学模型。通过数值仿真,分别对连杆推力、连杆法向力和切向力对曲轴轴向振动的影响进行分析。分析结果表明:法向力是曲轴轴向振动的直接激励源,切向力是曲轴轴向振动的间接激励源-切向力引起曲轴扭振,进而引起曲轴纵振;同时法向力和切向力对曲轴轴向振动的影响非常相近;而连杆推力(法向力和切向力合力)引起的曲轴轴向振动是扭纵耦合振动的结果,并非两种分力作用结果的简单叠加。 相似文献
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