Flexible long range planning using low cost information

Contemporary transport planning requires a flexible modelling approach which can be used to monitor the implementation of a long term plan checking regularly its short term performance with easily available data; the original model is periodically updated using low cost information and this allows the evaluation of the changes to the plan which may be required. Such an approach requires models suited to regular updating and to the use of data from different sources. Models to update trip matrices from traffic counts have been available for some time; however, the estimation and/or updating of other model stages with low cost data has escaped analytical treatment. The paper discusses this idea and formulates the updating problem for an example involving a joint destination/mode choice model under various assumptions about the nature of the available data. Analytical solutions are proposed as well as some general conclusions.requests for offprints     

A zonal inference model based on observed smart-card transactions for Santiago de Chile

The collection of origin–destination data for a city is an important but often costly task. This way, there is a need to develop more efficient and inexpensive methods of collecting information about citizens’ travel patterns. In this line, this paper presents a generic methodology that allows to infer the origin and destination zones for an observed trip between two public transport stops (i.e., bus stops or metro stations) using socio-economic, land use, and network information. The proposed zonal inference model follows a disaggregated Logit approach including size variables. The model enables the estimation of a zonal origin–destination matrix for a city, if trip information passively collected by a smart-card payment system is available (in form of a stop-to-stop matrix). The methodology is applied to the Santiago de Chile’s morning peak period, with the purpose of serving as input for a public transport planning computational tool. To estimate the model, information was gathered from different sources and processed into a unified framework; data included a survey conducted at public transport stops, land use information, and a stop-to-stop trip matrix. Additionally, a zonal system with 1176 zones was constructed for the city, including the definition of its access links and associated distances. Our results shows that, ceteris paribus, zones with high numbers of housing units have higher probabilities of being the origin of a morning peak trip. Likewise, health facilities, educational, residential, commercial, and offices centres have significant attraction powers during this period. In this sense, our model manages to capture the expected effects of land use on trip generation and attraction. This study has numerous policy implications, as the information obtained can be used to predict the impacts of changes in the public transport network (such as extending routes, relocating their stops, designing new routes or changing the fare structure). Further research is needed to improve the zonal inference formulation and origin–destination matrix estimation, mainly by including better cost measures, and dealing with survey and data limitations.     

一种基质沥青快速升温装置的研制

现代交通的发展和道路等级的提高,对路用沥青的性能提出了更高的要求。在沥青中加入SBS、PE和橡胶粉等添加剂以改善基质沥青性能的方法得到了越来越广泛的应用,但改性沥青制作工艺对基质沥青的工作温度有严格的要求。探讨基质沥青的快速加热工艺和相关专用设备的研发是保证改性沥青制作质量的关键之一。     

斯太尔汽车双前轴转向机构分析及其应用

本文在对斯太尔重型汽车的双轴转向传动机构进行分析的基础上建立了数学模型,研究了各部分的传动过程,并采用MATLAB语言编写了转向传动机构分析程序,对转向轴内外轮之间,前后轮间的转角匹配,以及最小转弯半径的匹配关系进行了优化。     

奇瑞A3轿车电子智能防盗系统解析

汽车防盗控制系统是现代汽车电控的一个主要组成系统,其功能是防止汽车被非法起动或开走,本文对奇瑞A3轿车的电子智能防盗系统主要原理、组成以及防盗系统使用与维修方法:等进行介绍。     

非时齐马氏链转移矩阵的性质

对非时齐马氏链转移矩阵的分析性质进行了讨论起因于非时齐马氏链广泛应用于随机控制和奇异摄动.得到了转移矩阵的一些连续性性质,特别是对Q-矩阵函数的概率意义进行了详细讨论,得到了在一状态停留的时间服从一指数分布,从一状态跳到另一状态的概率等较完整的结果,最后还给出一个Q-矩阵函数有界的充要条件.     

船舶设计过程中的变更管理

介绍船舶设计过程中项目管理新的组织模式:矩阵式组织,对新模式下船舶设计管理过程涉及的主要项目管理领域如:范围管理、进度管理、人力资源管理、沟通管理及其变更管理进行分析和论述.     

Nonlinear feedforward–feedback control of clutch-to-clutch shift technique

To improve the shift quality of the vehicle with clutch-to-clutch gear shifts, a nonlinear feedforward–feedback control scheme is proposed for clutch slip control during the shift inertia phase. The feedforward control is designed based on flatness in consideration of the system nonlinearities, and the linear feedback control is given to accommodate the model errors and the disturbances. Lookup tables, which are widely used to represent complex nonlinear characteristics of powertrain systems, appear in their original form in the designed feedforward controller, while the linear feedback controller is calculated through linear matrix inequalities such that the control system is robust against the parameter uncertainties. Finally, the designed controller is tested on an AMESim powertrain simulation model, which contains a time-variant model of clutch actuators.     

基于视频亚像素模板匹配算法的索力试验

针对索结构的索力测试，基于室内试验对比了计算机视觉方法和传统加速度传感器方法，探讨了计算机视觉方法的适用性。研究采用伺服静载锚固试验机张拉单根斜拉索钢绞线，简化模拟索张拉受力状态，通过相机摄影的非接触测量方法测量拉索动态响应，结合亚像素模板匹配算法识别拉索动态变形、基频和索力，并与传统的加速度传感器测试结果进行对比。研究结果表明，计算机视觉方法识别的拉索振动频谱峰值明显，基频识别结果与加速度传感器测试结果基本一致，索力识别结果与实测值相比最大误差不超过6%，具备开展实际结构索力测试的能力。     

大功率变流技术与应用（三）——矩阵变流器

矩阵变流器是强迫换相的PWM交-交直接变流器，即是直接的、完全对称的多相输入-多相输出网络，由电力电子开关组成，没有笨重的电感器和电容器。其优点是，输入电流为正弦形的，且功率因数高，双向功率流，不产生亚谐波分量。这种变流器满足电机调速、节能和电能质量管理对变流器所期望的电性能。文章系统地描述了矩阵变流器的原理、换流、调制，并介绍减少了开关器件的稀疏和超稀疏矩阵变流器。