缸内直喷的丰田卡罗拉1.2T怠速不稳解析

一辆2020款丰田卡罗拉1.2T汽车,行驶里程为1000KM,出现怠速不稳甚至熄火,经过专用诊断仪测试,汽车的高压燃油压力最高为16MPA,小于正常的20PMA,而且高压压力值随着怠速时间延长逐渐下降,甚至达到0.2MPA,启动时不容易着车,反复启动着车正常,高压压力无规律波动,更换高压油泵故障仍出现,高压油泵属于日本两个汽车配件厂生产,此故障曾在同类车型出现,丰田制造厂已经启动调研程序。     

鱼雷发动机三组元比例控制器数值模拟

利用计算流体力学软件Pumplinx模拟鱼雷发动机中三组元比例控制器的内部流场,分析计算中不同压差情况下对比例控制器性能的影响,以及叶片与定子间间隙大小对于比例控制器性能的影响,同时对不同叶片数目下性能进行对比。计算结果表明:由于比例控制器为被动旋转马达结构,其转速和流量均随时间呈周期性脉动变化,随着工作压差增大,转速脉动幅度基本保持不变,而流量和扭矩脉动幅值增加;随着间隙增大,泄漏量增大,但流量、扭矩、转速脉动幅值大幅降低,出口流量较为平稳;叶片数目增多后比例控制器转速降低、排量降低。由计算结果推断出目前比例控制器的最优叶片数目为4。本文可为进一步研究比例控制器精度问题提供参考。     

某型汽轮机超速脱扣试验浅析

某型汽轮机的超速保护装置采用脱扣结构,文章针对该汽轮机的超速脱扣结构进行分析,总结此种超速脱扣装置的装配要求和试验方法,以利于该型汽轮机的生产。     

激光复合焊工艺参数选择

针对激光复合焊首次应用于船舶制造,参数众多,缺少针对性试验的问题,进行多参数调整、多次对比试验,分析各项参数对激光复合焊质量的影响,结合试验数据提出各项参数的合理范围,确定的重要参数有激光功率、激光吸收率、焦点位置及光丝间距,与电弧相关的参数有焊接速度、送丝速度,以及过渡形式,各项参数的参数调整会直接影响到复合效果,进...     

Expertise in decision-making for large infrastructure projects: from UK trunk roads to High Speed Rail 2

At the decision-making stage, a large-scale infrastructure project is essentially a broad concept, and this means the expert analyses will differ from each other and become contested over time, leading to the emergence of rival narratives. It is only where there is a limited range of expert analyses that the bases for decision-making will remain relatively clear-cut. Over time the contested nature of expertise can significantly inhibit the construction of effective narratives, either for or against the project, and also make decision-making more complex and problematic. Decision makers may also seek greater clarification through the construction of narratives that rise above these disputed areas of expertise, and the scientific evidence becomes less important. This paper examines the changing nature of contested expertise through a comparative analysis of political decision-making between UK trunk roads policy and the case of High Speed Rail 2, through the framework of epistemic communities.     

The speed control effect of highway tunnel sidewall markings based on color and temporal frequency

The low‐luminance monotonous environment in the middle section of highway tunnels offers few reference points and is prone to cause severe visual illusion. Thus, drivers tend to underestimate their driving speed, which can induce speeding behaviors that result in rear‐end collisions. Therefore, discovering low‐cost methods of traffic engineering that reduce this visual illusion and ensure a steady driving speed is an important challenge for current highway tunnel operations. This study analyzes the effects of sidewall markings in typical highway tunnels, specifically observing how their colors and temporal frequencies affect the driver's speed perception in a low‐luminance condition. A three‐dimensional model of the middle section of highway tunnels was built in a driving simulator. Psychophysical tests of speed perception were carried out by the method of limits. The precision of the simulation model was then checked by comparing the results to field test data. The simulation tests studied the stimulus of subjectively equal speed and reaction time in relation to sidewall markings in different colors (red–white combined, yellow–white combined, and blue–white combined). Furthermore, based on the optimal color, the effects of sidewall marking with different temporal frequencies (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 32 Hz) on the speed perception of drivers were also analyzed. The test results reveal that the color and temporal frequency of sidewall marking have a significant impact on the driver's stimulus of subjectively equal speed and reaction time. The subjects have the highest speed overestimation and an easy speed judgment with the red–white combined sidewall marking. Within the temporal frequency range of 4.45–7.01 Hz, the subjects have a certain degree of speed overestimation (less than 20%), and the speed perception is sensitive to the temporal frequency changes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modification of the Highway Capacity Manual two‐lane highway analysis procedure for Spanish conditions

The US Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) methodology is used in Spain to evaluate traffic operation and quality of service. The effect of passing manoeuvre on two‐lane highway operational performance is considered through adjustment factors to average travel speeds and percent time spent following. The procedure is largely based on simulations in TWOPAS and passing behaviours observed during US calibrations in the 1970s. It is not clear whether US driving behaviour and vehicles' performance are comparable with Spanish conditions. The objective of this research is to adapt the HCM 2010 methodology to Spanish driver behaviour, for base conditions (i.e. no passing restrictions). To do so, TWOPAS was calibrated and validated based on current Spanish passing field data. The calibration used a genetic algorithm. The case study included an ideal two‐lane highway with varying directional traffic flow rate, directional split and percentage of trucks. The updated methodology for base conditions is simpler than the current HCM 2010 and does not rely on interpolation from tables. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

隧道长度对瞬变压力的影响

与阻塞比和车速不同,隧道长度对瞬变压力的影响呈现出明显的非单调性。这是在高速铁路隧道设计中必须考虑的问题。根据现场实测资料,研究分析了压力波的传播、反射和叠加规律,提出了单线隧道相应于压力变化不同情况的"最不利隧道长度"的计算图表及公式。     

照明长度和亮度随车速变化的隧道照明智能控制系统研究

随着我国交通运输业日益发达,越来越多的公路隧道投入运营,其安全性和运营成本之间的矛盾也越来越受到关注,如何在保证隧道运营安全的前提下,尽可能的降低运营成本成为亟待解决的难题。本文从隧道照明安全节能的角度出发,提出一种根据车速改变加强照明区段长度的隧道照明控制系统,满足照明质量的同时进行隧道的"按需照明"。系统将车速信息分为50 km/h以下、50~70 km/h、70~90 km/h、90 km/h以上四个速度区段,每个速度区段设计不同的加强照明区段长度;通过电感式线圈检测进入隧道的车辆速度作为控制输入参数,控制相应区段进行照明。