基于交通流量预测的高速公路收费道口运营策略研究

以宁沪高速公路南京主线收费站数据为样本,使用现代时间序列模型预测收费道口交通流量,提出了基于交通流量预测的收费道口运营策略制定方法,并给出了应用实例。     

气力输送设备管道中物料的速度特性研究

针对气力输送中物料在水平和垂直管道中的运动特性,建立了颗粒群在管道中的运动微分方程,并将该微分方程导入Matlab进行求解.通过分析颗粒群在不同管道阻力系数和不同初始条件下的速度特性曲线,得出气力输送中管道内颗粒群在加速段的速度特性.结果表明:阻力系数的大小影响颗粒群在管道中的最终恒定运动速度;不同初始速度影响颗粒群在管道中的加速(减速)运动时间;颗粒群在加速段运动时,垂直管道中所消耗的能量大于水平管道.     

基于Matlab的沥青混合料内部空隙率测定与分析

为了研究沥青混合料CT图像空隙率大小及其分布特征,基于Matlab图像处理软件对各层位扫描CT图像进行图像增强、图像锐化处理。采用二维最大熵阈值分割法对沥青混合料不同层位的CT图像进行二值化,利用Canny算子模板进行边缘检测,检测出图像边缘内部空隙点数与试件CT图像总点数做熵运算,计算空隙占整个试件的百分率。同时,对试件空隙率检测计算结果差异的显著性进行数理统计检验。结果表明:空隙率随层位呈两头大中间小的分布趋势,验证了沥青混合料内部微观结构的非均匀性;CT图像计算的空隙率均值可以作为试件的空隙率值,同时试验数据结果与图像处理结果具有一致性,表明图像处理具有一定的准确性和可信度。     

泵站厂房中吊车竖向荷载下吊车梁最大内力值及作用面的计算方法

在厂房中设有吊车来起吊大构件,运行时吊车在吊车梁上移动,对梁产生的最大内力值及作用面在变化;而吊车梁等自重产生的内力值则随截面位置的不同而变化。该文推导用公式一次即能准确计算出吊车梁的最大内力值及作用位置,以便设计吊车梁。     

汽车起动机衬套的使用

介绍起动机衬套的种类、安装位置、配合间隙，例举因衬套引发故障的现象、故障点及排除方法，列表给出了市场上90％型号衬套的适用车型。     

Signal coordination model for local arterial with heavy bus flows

Conventional Transit Signal Priority (TSP) controls often reach the limitation for arterials accommodating heavy bus flows since the priority function can significantly increase delay at minor streets. Under such conditions, a proper signal progression plan that accounts for the benefits of buses may offer the potential to improve the reliability of bus operations and increase the bus ridership. This study proposes a bus-based progression model to reduce the delay of buses on local arterials. Given the cycle length and green splits at each intersection, the bus-based progression model, grounded on the same notion as conventional signal progression methods, considers the operational characteristics of transit vehicles, such as the impact of bus dwell time and the capacity constraints at bus stops. Also, to deal with the stochastic nature of dwell time, this study introduces additional constraints to maximize the percentage of buses which can stay within the green band after leaving bus stops. Taking an arterial with five intersections and three two-way bus stops as an example, this study applies VISSIM as an unbiased tool for model evaluation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can significantly reduce bus passenger delays and the average person delays for the entire arterial, compared with the conventional progression models.     

A stochastic analysis of highway capacity: Empirical evidence and implications

This paper presents a stochastic characterization of highway capacity and explores its implications on ramp metering control at the corridor level. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0, 0, 2₃) × (0, 1, 0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially–temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this paper is to study (1) how to take advantage of the extra information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean–standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering capacity variation information would alleviate the spillback effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using capacity variation information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation.     

基于实时交通信息的行程时间估算及路径选择分析

路段行程时间的估计和预测是诱导系统的关键技术之一。由于路网参数不断变化,路段行程时间的估计必须满足实时性的要求。以城市交通控制系统的基本设施为基础,根据我国城市交通目前的发展状况,分析了影响路段行程时间的各种因素和路段行程时间的组成。利用设置在路段上的车辆自动检测装置搜集到的实时交通流信息,并结合随机服务系统的相关理论建立了城市道路路段行程时间的动态计算模型,提出了一种具有真实最短路径意义的实时动态最短路径选择的方法。     

车速传感器试验台的系统开发

设计了ABS车速传感器试验台,分析设计结构及其车速传感器所采集的信号调理电路并与微机进行实时的通信,实时监测车速传感器的性能参数,开发了数据采集系统进行数据分析处理。研究表明该系统性能稳定,抗干扰能力强,为车速传感器测试提供了方便。     

混合智能算法在城市道路短时交通流量预测中的研究

对城市道路短时交通流进行准确预测是实现城市交通控制与交通诱导的关键。针对目前单一预测方法预测精度不高的问题,提出了小波与支持向量机（SVM）融合的预测新方法;同时为了避免SVM知识学习过程陷入局部最优的问题,采用粒子群算法（PSO）来优化SVM的关键参数,以提高对短时交通流量的预测精度。通过对武汉市道路交通流数据的实验分析,结果表明所提出的方法能够准确提取实验数据关键特征,显著提高SVM的预测精度,且结果比单一使用方法提高了近9%。