日立公司出口欧洲铁路车辆技术

介绍了日立公司出口英国的395型高速列车的技术,以及在车辆研发过程中遇到的标准不同的问题,并概述了在防碰撞方面采取的特殊措施。     

Wear simulation for the centre plate arrangement of a freight car

The bodies of many railway freight cars in many countries of the world are coupled to the running gear by means of a body centre plate that makes a friction pair with a centre bowl. During motion, the bogie is rotated and moved with respect to the car body. This leads to wear on the contact surfaces. Lubrication is inexpedient in this case because the friction forces damp the vibrations (so-called bogie hunting) during motion. Usually, centre plates exhibit noticeable wear after two years of operation. Reducing wear requires knowing details of the wear process which, in turn, requires computer simulation of freight car motion for an operation period of 10–15 years. The purpose of this paper is to develop a universal method for wear simulation of friction pairs that could be used, in particular, for the centre plate of a freight car.     

地铁明挖区间大跨度密排预应力框架箱型隧道技术

介绍地铁明挖区间大跨度密排预应力框架箱型隧道技术,该技术涉及土建和预应力专业,施工协调和工序转换相对一般地铁土建施工更为复杂。该施工技术通过在箱型结构内增加环向后张拉预应力密排框架梁,改善箱型隧道结构受力体系,提高箱型隧道结构承载能力,突破现有地铁结构空间限制。     

关于大号码道岔列控系统设计的分析

根据当前列车运行控制系统对大号码道岔的相关设计规范,分析车载系统控制逻辑,提出当前列控系统在大号码道岔设计中需要注意的几点内容。     

城市轨道交通的旅行速度与列车拥挤度

从满足乘客出行需求的角度阐述城市轨道交通列车旅行速度、拥挤度两项指标的重要意义,并以当前我国典型的一线、二线城市轨道交通旅行速度、拥挤度的指标水平和提升过程为实例,分析这两项指标的计算方法、核心要素以及相互关系,从而提出新线开通运营前合理确定和开通运营后不断提升这两项核心指标的具体方法和措施:从优化司机站务人员站台作业标准流程、减少车辆开关门时间和同步延时时间、缩小列车区间运行时间余量等方面提高旅行速度;在开通初期可以通过增加上线列车数、中期可以通过提高旅行速度和折返效率的方法来降低列车拥挤度,而后期则需要研究采用大小交路套跑、上下行不对称运输、平行线路建设、新车增购等方式来从根本上降低列车拥挤度,不断提高乘客服务水平。     

地铁车站结构截面控制内力计算分析

目前,在地铁车站结构设计中,一般采用将荷载满布到结构模型进行内力分析,并未考虑不同活载布置对结构内力的影响,从而导致部分截面设计存在安全隐患。文章以成都地铁3号线一期工程红牌楼南站结构模型为例,运用MIDASGEN有限元分析软件对不同活载布置下结构的内力进行比较,得出地铁车站各截面控制内力所对应的活载布置,为地铁车站结构设计提供借鉴。     

深埋地铁车站人员紧急疏散计算

提出深埋地铁的新站型,进行紧急疏散演算, 探讨针对深埋地铁新站型的人员消防疏散的计算问 题,通过计算来验证和归纳深埋地铁站在建筑设计时 应重视的设计要点,为未来深埋地铁车站的设计提供 参考。将两座车站的客流代入两个深埋车站的新站型 中,根据国家标准和新地标的疏散公式进行计算。结 果表明: 首先,新站型的建筑形式是成立的,可以满足 国家标准疏散的要求; 其次,两个计算公式均反映了客 流与疏散设施的匹配度问题,当客流较大时,需增加通 行设施的数量以及缩短站厅层至站台层的距离来满足 疏散要求; 再次,通过北京新地标的公式计算发现,在两 种站型通行设施数量相同的情况下,影响深埋车站人员 疏散时间的两大因素是站厅至站台的距离和客流。     

Fault-tolerant control of heavy-haul trains

The fault-tolerant control (FTC) of heavy-haul trains is discussed on the basis of the speed regulation proposed in previous works. The fault modes of trains are assumed and the corresponding fault detection and isolation (FDI) are studied. The FDI of sensor faults is based on a geometric approach for residual generators. The FDI of a braking system is based on the observation of the steady-state speed. From the difference of the steady-state speeds between the fault system and the faultless system, one can get fault information. Simulation tests were conducted on the suitability of the FDIs and the redesigned speed regulators. It is shown that the proposed FTC does not explicitly worsen the performance of the speed regulator in the case of a faultless system, while it obviously improves the performance of the speed regulator in the case of a faulty system.     

Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.     

Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.