厦深铁路长沙湾特大桥深水基础施工技术研究

铁路桥梁深水基础施工受水文、地质、气象、环境等因素影响较大,施工难度相应较高,投入的机械设备较多,施工工艺较陆地施工更为复杂。然而,随着止水支撑维护结构刚度、稳定性的不断增加及计算机模拟技术的迅猛发展,使得进一步优化深水基础施工设计方案成为了可能,且达到了缩短建设工期、降低工程造价目的。结合厦深铁路长沙湾特大桥70号墩承台施工,对钢板桩围堰的受力进行了详细的计算,可为类似的工程提供参考。     

连续-钢桁组合结构钢桁下节点安装定位施工工艺

以西宁跨兰西高速公路特大桥(80+168+80)m连续-钢桁组合结构钢桁下节点安装定位工程施工为例,详细介绍了下节点在连续梁砼施工过程中如何精确定位和安装,确保在连续梁施工完成后下节点的精度满足钢桁结构的安装要求,保证连续-钢桁组合结构的整体施工要求。     

宿淮铁路(江苏段)桥梁设计技术创新

介绍宿淮铁路2座特大桥结构体系设计创新特点。理论计算分析表明:采用主跨132 m连续梁-拱组合体系单线桥可有效降低梁高,节省造价,施工和运营状态下,结构的强度、刚度、横向稳定、行车舒适度性等指标均满足规范要求;主跨108 m连续梁采用双向减隔震体系后,正常使用状态及多遇地震下结构正常工作。当设计地震及罕遇地震发生时,减隔震体系显著降低地震反应,避免了重要部位破坏,保证了桥梁结构的安全性,具有明显的经济效果。     

沉箱孤立墩式结构整体稳定性一般规律

大型原油码头多采用墩式蝶型布置,一般情况下波浪作用是控制沉箱墩式结构整体稳定性的主要外荷载。作为设计波要素,通常选取最大波高及其对应的波周期或最大波周期及其对应的波高进行结构计算,但经多组波要素对比计算表明,并非最大波高或最大波周期为控制工况。参考数模分析群桩系数随波周期变化的成果,研究了作用于小尺度墩柱上的波浪作用随波周期和波高的变化以及沉箱孤立墩式结构整体稳定性的一般规律。     

前板桩后低桩承台结构在板桩码头改造中的应用

结合实际工程介绍了前板桩后低桩承台结构的应用特点,分析了在实际设计中的技术要点和注意事项。前板桩后低桩承台结构复杂,原有规范不完全适用。结合实际工程,考虑钢板桩变位不能完全复位、低桩承台卸荷等因素,进行三维数值模拟,得到了码头结构主要构件的内力,从桩基与承台连接方式等方面分析这些因素对结构的影响,从而为结构设计和优化提供了依据。     

复式河槽断面形态对综合糙率的影响

针对复式河槽的断面形态对称与否,对其综合糙率进行研究。根据大量的水槽试验进行整理分析,主要针对河槽几何形态以及相对水深比(hf/Hm)对复式河槽的影响拟合出综合糙率表达式。结果表明,在一定范围内,综合糙率随滩槽宽度比的增大而增大。并根据对比对称与非对称的计算结果,认为对称情况下的综合糙率比非对称情况下偏大。     

Corrosion rate measurements in steel sheet pile walls in a marine environment

Corrosion of steel structures in the marine environment is a major problem. The deterioration of this kind of structures is costly and difficult to predict both when designing new structures and when estimating the remaining service life time for existing structures. The aim of this investigation was to find indicative values for the corrosion rate of steel sheet piles on the Swedish west coast. Such corrosion rates (mm/year) can be used both when designing new structures by oversizing the steel thickness and when estimating the bearing capacity of existing sheet pile structures. Earlier investigations on the corrosion rates along the Swedish east coast – with salinity from about 0.2% to 0.8% – are still used today as guidelines for the corrosion rate of all steel structures in the Swedish maritime environment even though the salinity on the west coast can be as high as 3.0%.Steel sheet pile wharfs located in the port of Halmstad on the Swedish west coast were inspected by ultrasonic measurements. Three wharf structures with a total length of about 700 m were inspected. None of the inspected wharfs had or have had cathodic protection. The thickness measurements of the steel sheet pile structures were performed by divers.The age of the three inspected sheet pile structures ranged from 36 to 51 years. The dimensions of the original sheet pile sections are known. One of the quay structures is located along a river. The salinity at all wharfs varied from low values at the surface to approx. 2% at the bottom (also in the river outflow).The measured average corrosion rates were in the same order as the design values in the European code. However, the results indicate increased corrosion rates about 1 m below the mean water surface and at the level of the propellers from the ships berthing the most frequented of the inspected wharfs, 3–6 m below water surface.The tolerances of steel sheet thicknesses – usually in the order of ±6% – are often neglected when investigating the remaining thickness in steel sheet piles. A simple calculation model shows that the sheet pile must be almost 50 years of age before an accurate estimation on the corrosion rate can be made, considering the tolerances, if the true original sheet pile thickness is not known.     

地铁盾构隧道沿线障碍桩冲桩破除施工技术

通过西安地铁二号线盾构区间隧道穿越障碍桩的工程案例,对4种废弃障碍桩的处理工艺的优缺点进行对比,确定采用"基坑开挖+冲桩"的方法,并介绍冲桩施工的要点以及关键技术措施。采用的施工方案施工效果明显：工序简单、容易操作、工期短;工序相对安全,工艺可靠。所得以验可供今后类似工程借鉴参考。     

桨-舵间距对其组合系统水动力性能的影响

本文通过CFD方法对敞水桨、桨-舵组合以及优化间距的桨-舵组合装置开展了数值仿真研究,分析了桨-舵间距对其组合系统的水动力性能影响。螺旋桨敞水工况的计算值与物理模型试验值吻合良好,验证了数值计算方法的可行性。通过对比桨-舵间距大于推荐值的三个工况,发现在较低进阶系数下系统的节能效率有稍许增加,然而随着间距的增大,节能效率呈现降低的趋势;在高进阶系数下,随间距增大节能效率逐步降低。适当减小桨-舵间距,在较低和中等进阶系数下,随间距减小节能效率呈现逐步升高的趋势,在间距减少10mm时,组合体的节能效率最大可增加1.937%;不过在高进阶系数下,随间距减小节能效率却有下降趋势。     

高铁湿陷性黄土隧道地基处理浅析

根据湿陷性黄土隧道工程特点,结合宝兰客专客运专线王家岔湿陷性黄土隧道地基加固处理的工程实例,阐述了洞口和洞内两种施工工艺不同的水泥土挤密桩施工方案,分析了隧道内水泥土挤密桩施工对其它工序的干扰和对工期的影响,以及施工振动对初支结构和围岩稳定的危害,提出了有效的控制措施.