Planktonic community structure and carbon cycling in the Arabian Sea as a result of monsoonal forcing: the application of a generic model

The Arabian Sea exhibits a complex pattern of biogeochemical and ecological dynamics, which vary both seasonally and spatially. These dynamics have been studied using a one-dimensional vertical hydrodynamic model coupled to a complex ecosystem model, simulating the annual cycle at three contrasting stations. These stations are characterised by seasonally upwelling, mixed-layer-deepening and a-seasonal oligotrophic conditions, respectively, and coincide with extensively measured stations on the two JGOFS ARABESQUE cruises in 1994. The model reproduces many spatial and temporal trends in production, biomass, physical and chemical properties, both qualitatively and quantitatively and so gives insight into the main mechanisms responsible for the biogeochemical and ecological complexity. Monsoonal systems are typified by classical food web dynamics, whilst intermonsoonal and oligotrophic systems are dominated by the microbial loop. The ecosystem model (ERSEM), developed for temperate regions, is found to be applicable to the Arabian Sea system with little reparameterisation. Differences in in-situ physical forcing are sufficient to recreate contrasting eutrophic and oligotrophic systems, although the lack of lateral terms are probably the greatest source of error in the model. Physics, nutrients, light and grazing are all shown to play a role in controlling production and community structure. Small-celled phytoplanktons are predicted to be dominant and sub-surface chlorophyll maxima are robust centers of production during intermonsoon periods. Analysis of carbon fluxes indicate that physically driven outgassing of CO₂ predominates in monsoonal upwelling systems but ecological activity may significantly moderate CO₂ outgassing in the Arabian Sea interior.     

基于不规则三角网的视相关细节层次网格化方法研究

多分辨率三角形网格表示对于实时渲染复杂的几何场景来说是一个重要的工具。本文对交互可视复杂的三角形网格提出了有效的视相关网格化的框架,介绍了涉及视锥、表面方向和屏幕投影误差的视相关网格化准则,给出了基于边的数据结构和构建元操作层次结构的方法,同时根据这些准则发展了渐进细化和简化网格的实时算法。提出的视相关网格化方法具有较高的时间效率。     

基于模糊神经网络的海浪中舰船多自由度运动建模方法研究

基于切片理论计算在诸规则波中的舰船多自由度运动响应，并以此为样本训练模糊神经网络，最终建立起一种新的舰船在随机波浪中的多自由度运动模型，并通过算例验证该方法的实用性和可靠性。     

Simulated responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading

A mathematical model was used to simulate monthly responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading over a 45-year period. We examined six hypothetical future scenarios that are based on observed and projected changes in the Mississippi River discharge, Mississippi River nitrate concentrations, and ambient water temperatures. In particular, we investigated the implications of a 30% decrease in the Mississippi River nitrogen flux, which was recently proposed by the Mississippi River Watershed/Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Task Force as a measure to reduce the size of the hypoxic zone. Model simulations suggest that the frequency of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico is highly sensitive to variations in riverine nitrate flux, but also to variations in freshwater discharge and ambient water temperatures. A 30% decrease in the Mississippi River nitrate flux, for example, would reduce the frequency of hypoxia by 37%. Nevertheless, a 20% increase the Mississippi River discharge, which may occur under some climate change scenarios, would produce an increase in the frequency of hypoxia of the same magnitude. Thus, if the potential climatic variations are taken into account, a 30% decrease in the nitrogen flux of the Mississippi River may not be sufficient to accomplish the proposed hypoxia management goal.     

浮筏隔振装置的超单元建模方法

浮筏是一种集弹簧、阻尼器、刚体和弹性体为一体的混合动力学系统，对其建立合适的动力学模型存在困难，为此本文提出一种超单元建模方法。该方法首先在物理空间中对装置中弹性体的有限元模型进行降阶，并建立相应的超单元，然后与普通单元一样把它们直接组装到总体模型中。用该方法建立起来的动力学降价模型不仅在规模上远小于未降阶的有限元模型，而且能很好地保留原模型在中、低频段内的动态特性。数值示例表明，本文提出的超单元建模方法是一种有效的浮筏隔振装置建模方法。     

长冲隧道进口段开挖方法的优化分析

根据隧址区工程地质特征,建立了长冲隧道进口段的有限元模型;模拟了台阶分部法和CD工法开挖隧道的过程,通过对围岩的位移和应力特征、屈服接近度和支护结构受力特征的分析,从施工工序和施工力学角度对两种开挖方法进行了比较,结果表明设计推荐采用的CD工法较台阶分部法没有明显的优势。     

基于遗传算法优化的小波神经网络对船舶受扰力及力矩建模预报

首先构造小波神经网络,建立船舶横向和纵向运动模型及其运动受扰力模型,采用小波神经网络对船舶受扰力建模预报,并用遗传算法对其进行优化,对预报结果进行分析比较,给出超前5秒、15秒的船舶运动受扰力与力矩预报结果.     

UML状态图映射为Petri网模型的方法研究

UML广泛应用于软件建模,然而UML是半形式化的,这使得很难对其进行严格的语义分析和正确性验证。状态图作为UML动态描述机制的重要组成部分,同样存在这样的问题。Petri网作为一种图形化建模工具,具有严格的形式化语法语义,而且有很多成熟的分析方法。本文提出了将UML状态图映射为Petri网模型的方法,并结合实例对映射后的模型进行分析,验证了模型的一系列正确性。     

混合动力客车制动能量回馈及控制仿真研究

基于AVL Cruise软件建立了并联式混合动力客车模型,设计了并联混合动力客车控制策略,在纯电机制动模式和机电混合制动模式下对混合动力客车的能量再生制动进行了仿真。仿真结果表明：在纯电机制动模式下能较充分回收汽车制动动能,但是制动效能较低;在机电混合制动模式下,制动效能高,与纯机械制动效能基本一致,但电机再生制动回收能量的效果不很明显。     

基于山区复杂路段下的车辆主动限速控制系统研究

山区复杂路段交通事故频发,行车安全问题亟待解决,因此研究该路段下的主动限速控制技术具有重要意义。本文阐述了主动限速控制系统的原理与构成,并且对车辆的运行安全车速进行了分析与建模,提出了主动限速的控制策略。最后通过对该系统软硬件进行了调试,初步验证了其可行性比较合理,能够指导驾驶人的行车安全。