A data-driven dynamics simulation framework for railway vehicles

The finite element (FE) method is essential for simulating vehicle dynamics with fine details, especially for train crash simulations. However, factors such as the complexity of meshes and the distortion involved in a large deformation would undermine its calculation efficiency. An alternative method, the multi-body (MB) dynamics simulation provides satisfying time efficiency but limited accuracy when highly nonlinear dynamic process is involved. To maintain the advantages of both methods, this paper proposes a data-driven simulation framework for dynamics simulation of railway vehicles. This framework uses machine learning techniques to extract nonlinear features from training data generated by FE simulations so that specific mesh structures can be formulated by a surrogate element (or surrogate elements) to replace the original mechanical elements, and the dynamics simulation can be implemented by co-simulation with the surrogate element(s) embedded into a MB model. This framework consists of a series of techniques including data collection, feature extraction, training data sampling, surrogate element building, and model evaluation and selection. To verify the feasibility of this framework, we present two case studies, a vertical dynamics simulation and a longitudinal dynamics simulation, based on co-simulation with MATLAB/Simulink and Simpack, and a further comparison with a popular data-driven model (the Kriging model) is provided. The simulation result shows that using the legendre polynomial regression model in building surrogate elements can largely cut down the simulation time without sacrifice in accuracy.     

铁舾装件快速建模方法研究

通过对不规则铁舾装件模型的分析和概括,提出以特征码串描述具体模型的方法,从而形成标准程序,进行快速建模,并以栏杆扶手的快速建模技术为例,阐述了以标准化设计为基础的铁舾装件快速建模方法的可行性。     

钦州湾波浪条件数值模拟研究

通过三娘湾海洋站风浪资料得出外海波要素,应用风区推算、抛物型缓坡方程、Boussinesq方程建立数学模型,对钦州湾港区波浪条件进行模拟计算,得出钦州湾波浪的波浪场状况。     

Swimming for survival: A role of phytoplankton motility in a stratified turbulent environment

We investigate a role for vertical migration in stratified coastal water, where the swimming speed is generally significantly less than the typical turbulent fluctuations in a tidally-mixed bottom layer. In our modelling approach we use a k- turbulence model to describe the physical forcing, a Lagrangian random walk model to describe the vertical displacement of individual cells in response to turbulence and due to cell motility, and a phytoplankton growth model to direct the swimming behaviour of the phytoplankton according to their light and nutrient requirements. The model results show how the cells form a stable subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) at the base of the thermocline where episodic tidal turbulence causes erosion of part of the SCM biomass into the bottom mixed layer (BML). We then focus on the question of whether an ability to swim (weakly, compared to typical bottom layer turbulent intensities) provides any advantage by allowing return to the SCM. Our results show that tidal turbulence in the BML helps both motile and neutrally-buoyant cells by periodically pushing them into the base of the thermocline. Motile cells then have the advantage that they can swim further into the thermocline towards higher light which also reduces the likelihood of being re-mixed back into the BML.     

The undrained bearing capacity of a spudcan foundation under combined loading in soft clay

Mobile jack-up drilling rigs are typically supported by individual, large diameter spudcan foundations. Before deployment, the suitability of a jack-up to a location must be shown in a site-specific assessment under loads associated with a 50-year return period storm, which ultimately need to be resisted by the foundations. The capacity of the spudcans under combined vertical, horizontal and moment loading is therefore integral to the overall site-specific assessment of the jack-up.In soft clays, spudcans can penetrate deeply into the seabed, sometimes up to several footing diameters, with soil flowing around the downward penetrating footing, sealing the cavity. Although this is generally believed to provide some additional bearing capacity to the footing, no detailed study or formal guidance is available to date. This study, therefore, investigates the influence of soil back-flow on the failure mechanisms and quantifies the effect on the capacity of a spudcan under general loading through finite element analyses. A closed-form analytical expression is developed that describes the capacity envelope under combined loading, applicable to embedment depths ranging from shallow to deep.     

实船数据处理建模及仿真系统

为了使科研人员更方便地使用船舶试验数据,采用VB与Matlab混合编程,开发了一套集数据提取、数据处理、建模、仿真及比较功能于一体的实船数据处理、建模及仿真系统,利用育鲲轮试验数据对本系统进行测试,测试效果令人满意。系统界面美观,简捷易用,功能完备。     

主成分分析法在居民出行生成模型中的构建研究

交通出行生成模型作为“四阶段法”出行的第一步,出行模型的精度将直接影响了整个四阶段法模型的结果;现行的居民出行生成预测模型主要有生成率法、交叉分类法、回归分析等。但是这些方法都没有从根本考虑到各种影响出行生成的变量之间的相互影响关系,而这种变量之间的相互关系往往会直接影响居民的出行特征,同时,常用的回归分析法中,由于最小二乘法的局限,往往会丢失变量或者出现负变量,而这些变量在交通出行中明显会产生出行量,这就和实际的交通出行特征有了背离。本文提出了在回归分析法之前首先采用主成分分析法来确定各影响变量之间的关系,确定主成分方程,进而在根据主成分方程和调查数据之间的回归分析来构建出行生成模型。通过这样的方法来有效的保护变量的非负性和体现变量之间相互关系对出行生成的影响。     

地区交通运输结构优化研究

系统分析了地区交通运输结构优化的必要性与可行性，在提出合理的结构优化评价指标体系的基础上，建立了定性与定量方法相结合的地区交通运输结构优化模型，为交通运输复杂系统的结构优化提供了一种研究思路．     

基于EMTDC／Pscad的同步电机建模仿真研究

以通用的同步电机派克方程为研究对象,对在EMTDC／Pscad中编制电机模型子程序及其与主程序接口问题开展研究。采用隐式梯形迭代算法对电机模型进行处理,利用Fortran语言完成电机子程序的编制。重点对仿真软件中电机模型的离散算法处理和模型的接口方式开展仿真验证,提出了采用不解耦的数值算法在EMTDC／Pscad电磁暂态计算软件中实现电机建模的方法。通过与软件自带模型库模型的比对,证明了建模方法的正确性及应用于多相同步电机仿真建模的可行性。