剪纸艺术之审美意蕴及其在现代平面设计的运用

剪纸艺术是一株灿烂的民族艺术之花,是活态的生活文化史,具有深厚而丰赡的审美意蕴。文章通过分析剪纸艺术的风格特征,将其与现代平面设计相结合。重点从传统与现代、传承与创新、图形与设计三个方面,论述了剪纸艺术在现代平面设计中的新理念。通过实例分析可知,二者的巧妙结合,是借鉴其形式特点,保留其形式遗风,借用、延伸其寓意,并结合现代设计理念和表现手法,对其进行再设计,赋予其时代气息和新的生命力。     

潍坊寿光港区航道工程防沙堤平面布置形式研究

采用波浪潮流泥沙数学模型试验手段,对潍坊寿光港区防沙堤建设中的平面布置形式进行研究。根据研究成果,建议选择北槽航道作为5 000 t级通海航道,航道走向63.5°~243.5°。防沙堤工程建议采用双导堤形式,其中北导堤应接岸。建议堤头可先达-4.0 m水深处,观测其堤头附近冲淤变化后,再决定是否继续向海延伸。     

盾构隧道施工对富水软弱地层的扰动分析

为研究盾构隧道施工对富水软弱底层的扰动影响,以大连地铁某标段盾构隧道施工为例,首先基于修正剑桥模型建立土体本构关系,利用Shell结构单元模拟盾构初衬;然后采用流固耦合方法研究土体固结过程对盾构开挖引起软弱地层扰动问题;最后根据仿真结果与现场实测数据,绘制地表沉降对比分析曲线,给出盾构施工引起地表沉降的动态变化趋势.结果表明：孔隙水在盾构开挖完成后仍持续向隧道方向渗透,并引起距隧道较近区域的扰动趋势大于周围较远区域.本研究对提高富水软弱地层条件下盾构施工过程建模的准确性和实效性、指导盾构施工具有指导作用.     

基于ADAMS的轮式装载机工作装置动态载荷分析

以反转六连杆轮式装载机ZL50G为样机,运用ADAMS软件建立样机的三维实体模型,对轮式装载机的工作装置进行动态载荷分析,为轮式装载机工作装置的研究提供一种可靠的方法.分析结果为轮式装载机工作装置的设计与优化提供了理论依据.     

A theoretical justification of the sine with dwell manoeuvre

The sine with dwell (SWD) manoeuvre has received much attention within the context of vehicle stability testing. This manoeuvre is used in a test developed by the NHTSA, designed to certificate electronic stability control systems in light vehicles. The test is used in legislations as well as in consumer tests all over the globe. The SWD manoeuvre was designed using test vehicles on a test track and experimentally validated. The paper at hand uses optimal control theory to theoretically justify the use of the SWD manoeuvre to produce a severe lateral motion and over-steering based on steering input. It is shown that a manoeuvre similar to the SWD manoeuvre can be obtained from an optimal control problem using simple vehicle dynamics models. The optimal control method is further used to analyse the manoeuvre's robustness with respect to vehicle dimensions and tyre properties. It is shown that the manoeuvre is robust in dimensions, which theoretically motivates its application for various sizes of vehicles.     

PSPICE MODELLING OF LED

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Integrating parking behaviour in activity-based travel demand modelling: Investigation of the relationship between parking type choice and activity scheduling process

Traditionally, the parking choice/option is considered to be an important factor in only in the mode choice component of a four-stage travel demand modelling system. However, travel demand modelling has been undergoing a paradigm shift from the traditional trip-based approach to an activity-based approach. The activity-based approach is intended to capture the influences of different policy variables at various stages of activity-travel decision making processes. Parking is a key policy variable that captures land use and transportation interactions in urban areas. It is important that the influences of parking choice on activity scheduling behaviour be identified fully. This paper investigates this issue using a sample data set collected in Montreal, Canada. Parking type choice and activity scheduling decision (start time choice) are modelled jointly in order to identify the effects of parking type choice on activity scheduling behaviour. Empirical investigation gives strong evidence that parking type choice influences activity scheduling process. The empirical findings of this investigation challenge the validity of the traditional conception which considers parking choice as exogenous variable only in the mode choice component of travel demand models.     

Mixed RP/SP models incorporating interaction effects

In order to analyse the impact of a new train service in Cagliari (Italy) a databank including information from a revealed preference (RP) and a stated preference (SP) survey was set up. The RP data concern choice between car, bus and train; the SP data consider the binary choice between a new train service (quicker, more frequent, with a lower fare and more stations than the current one) and the alternative currently chosen by car and bus users. Logit models allowing for correlation among RP alternatives were estimated for this mixed RP/SP data set using the artificial tree structure method. The analysis included level-of-service variables measured with an unusually high level of precision, latent or second order variables (such as comfort), inertia and interaction variables. Different specifications of the utility function were tested, including the expenditure rate model, and the effects of these specifications on modelling results are highlighted. Our results show that for a population mainly composed of fixed income workers, the expenditure rate model is superior to the traditional wage rate model, yielding lower and more significant subjective values of time. Moreover, we found that the non-linear specifications appear to be more suitable as not only better model results were obtained, but also the real distribution of the error terms was revealed (i.e. highlighting correlation among public transport options).     

混合交通流连续动力学建模

对现有的交通流动力学模型进行了简单的评价,在此基础上提出一种新的高阶混合交通流动力学模型,新模型重点研究了混合交通中的干扰项,用粘性项来计算交通阻力,然后对建立的交通流动力模型在特征根问题(车流应是各向异性)、负速度问题(车流倒退)和线性稳定性(主要指高密度下的车流稳定性)问题进行了理论分析。理论分析结果表明,新的高阶交通流动力学模型有效解决了困扰大多数高阶非平衡连续流模型难以处理的问题,而且新模型充分考虑了混合车流中不同车型比例车辆间的粘性阻力,相比较其他模型更能准确反映非纯小车流情况下的交通真实情况。     

Long-term wear and rolling contact fatigue behaviour of a conformal wheel profile designed for large radius curves

There are many reasons to optimise the wheel–rail interface through redesign or maintenance. Minimising wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) initiation on wheels and/or rails is often at the forefront of such considerations. This paper covers the design of a conformal wheel profile and its long-term wear and RCF performance to optimise the wheel–rail interface and subsequently reduce the occurrence of surface-initiated RCF on South Africa’s iron ore export line. A comparative study is performed using multibody dynamics simulation together with numerical wheel wear and RCF predictions. The advantages of a conformal wheel profile design are illustrated by evaluating the worn shape and resulting contact conditions of the conformal design. The conformal design has a steadier equivalent conicity progression and a smaller conicity range compared with the current wheel profile design over the wheel’s wear life. The combination of a conformal wheel profile design with 2?mm hollow wear and inadequate adherence to grinding tolerances often result in two-point contact, thereby increasing the probability of RCF initiation. The conformal wheel profile design proved to have wear and potential RCF benefits compared with the current wheel profile design. However, implementation of such a conformal wheel profile must be accompanied by improved rail grinding practices to ensure rail profile compliance.