应用广义最大覆盖模型进行公路养护应急中心布局选址研究

应用广义最大覆盖模型方法在江西省国省道公路网络中进行公路养护应急中心布局选址,将养护应急中心设置在县级及以上行政中心点上,在点的服务半径已知的条件下,求解如何设立数量最少的点便可覆盖所有区域.     

基于龚帕斯模型的改性乳化沥青胶浆黏度与沥青破乳评价

针对改性乳化沥青破乳时间难以量化评价的不足, 采用不同类型的细集料与改性乳化沥青制备了改性乳化沥青胶浆, 运用龚帕斯模型分析了其黏度随时间的变化规律, 并建立了准确评价改性乳化沥青破乳的数学模型。研究结果表明: 改性乳化沥青胶浆初始黏度较低, 随沥青破乳时间的增大而不断增大, 最后趋于稳定; 当集料粒径相同时, 花岗岩改性乳化沥青胶浆的黏度最大, 玄武岩胶浆的黏度次之, 而石灰岩胶浆的黏度最小, 但黏度增长速率基本相同, 符合生长曲线的特征; 龚帕斯模型可以较好地反映胶浆黏度随时间的变化规律, 计算值与实测值的最大相对误差小于15%; 当根据龚帕斯模型建立的沥青破乳评价指标值为0.97~1.00时, 胶浆黏度变化趋于平稳, 此时改性乳化沥青已经完全破乳; 反之, 也可以根据黏度试验结果计算龚帕斯模型参数, 预测改性乳化沥青破乳时间。     

基于重复蠕变试验的阻燃沥青胶浆高温性能

采用重复蠕变试验,利用Burgers模型对各沥青胶浆的蠕变过程进行模拟,从胶浆的蠕变劲度黏性成分Gv、累积应变γacc和蠕变柔量等方面分析了不同阻燃沥青胶浆的高温性能表现.结果表明:纤维和复合阻燃剂的加入均会增大阻燃沥青胶浆的Gv并降低γacc,3种复配比例的阻燃沥青胶浆中M-FR1和M-FR2的Gv值相等且最大;而M-FR1沥青胶浆的γacc最小;其次是M-FR2.这两种阻燃沥青胶浆高温性能均要优于常规掺量下的木质素纤维沥青胶浆.蠕变柔量分析结果表明,M-FR2阻燃沥青胶浆的瞬时弹性变形柔量JE和延迟弹性变形柔量JC占总柔量的百分比之和最大,高温抗变形能力最强.综合各阻燃沥青胶浆的蠕变力学特性,推荐复合阻燃材料的最优复配比例为15％矿物纤维+6％复合阻燃剂(即M-FR2).     

水工现浇构筑物底脚漏浆的防治

本文主要阐述防止水工现浇混凝土构造物底脚漏浆的施工工艺。     

Airline network choice and market coverage under high-speed rail competition

While the existing literature has focused on the short-term impacts, this paper investigates the long-term impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) competition on airlines. An analytical model is developed to study how an airline may change its network and market coverage when facing HSR competition on trunk routes. We show that prior to HSR competition, an airline is more likely to adopt a fully-connected network and cover fewer fringe markets if the trunk market is large. Under HSR competition, the airline will, for a given network structure, have a greater incentive to cover more fringe (regional or foreign) markets if the trunk market is large, or the airline network is close to hub-and-spoke. Further, the airline will, for any given market coverage, move towards a hub-and-spoke network when the trunk market is large, or the number of fringe markets covered by the airline network is large. Both effects are more prominent when the decreasing rate of airline density economies is large. We further show that HSR competition can induce the airline to adopt network structure and market coverage that are closer to the socially optimal ones, thereby suggesting a new source of welfare gain from HSR based on its long-term impacts on airlines. Implications for operators, policy makers and specific countries (such as China) are also discussed.     

Optimizing the locations of electric taxi charging stations: A spatial–temporal demand coverage approach

Vehicle electrification is a promising approach towards attaining green transportation. However, the absence of charging stations limits the penetration of electric vehicles. Current approaches for optimizing the locations of charging stations suffer from challenges associated with spatial–temporal dynamic travel demands and the lengthy period required for the charging process. The present article uses the electric taxi (ET) as an example to develop a spatial–temporal demand coverage approach for optimizing the placement of ET charging stations in the space–time context. To this end, public taxi demands with spatial and temporal attributes are extracted from massive taxi GPS data. The cyclical interactions between taxi demands, ETs, and charging stations are modeled with a spatial–temporal path tool. A location model is developed to maximize the level of ET service on the road network and the level of charging service at the stations under spatial and temporal constraints such as the ET range, the charging time, and the capacity of charging stations. The reduced carbon emission generated by used ETs with located charging stations is also evaluated. An experiment conducted in Shenzhen, China demonstrates that the proposed approach not only exhibits good performance in determining ET charging station locations by considering temporal attributes, but also achieves a high quality trade-off between the levels of ET service and charging service. The proposed approach and obtained results help the decision-making of urban ET charging station siting.     

灌注式路面层用水性环氧树脂改性的砂浆性能

研究了水性环氧树脂对灌注式路面面层用新拌水泥砂浆的性能以及养护后砂浆力学性能的影响.利用正交实验方法,确定了实验配方,并对由这些配方所得砂浆进行了稠度和粘度试验,分析了砂浆组成对砂浆和易性的影响;测定了不同掺量下的水性环氧树脂水泥砂浆硬化后在7和28 d两个龄期的力学性能,同时使用扫描电镜观测了砂浆试样硬化后断面的形貌,对水性环氧树脂改性水泥砂浆性能指标的机理进行了分析.研究结果表明,用2.5%水性环氧树脂改性后,砂浆的流动性明显好于普通水泥砂浆;添加水性环氧树脂的砂浆硬化后,由于水性环氧树脂在界面区改善了骨料与水泥基体的粘结性,减少了裂隙的形成,使其结构更加密实;同时水性环氧树脂能跨越裂纹并抑制裂缝扩展,桥接了界面区,使得砂浆硬化后的强度有所增加.     

面向控制的三效催化转化器建模

为了利用Pt/Rh/CeO2/γAl2O3三效催化转化器的动态特性降低排放,开发了面向控制的三效催化转化器模型,将求解的Ce表面相对O2覆盖率(ROC)作为推理传感器,为控制器提供反馈信号准备.结果表明,面向控制的三效催化转化器模型精度满足要求,模型求解的氧存储能力(OSC)可用于OBD在线诊断三效催化转化器是否老化,...     

海上浅覆盖层灌注型嵌岩桩钻孔平台搭设

海上以护筒为依托搭设满铺钻孔平台,进行嵌岩灌注桩施工的工艺应用较广泛,但若施工条件发生变化,则其施工工艺也将随之变化。结合福建大唐宁德电厂煤码头的施工条件,提出"振动锤沉桩—原平台延伸分2层平连稳桩—满铺平台上钻机成孔"施工工艺,成功解决了海上浅覆盖层灌注型嵌岩桩钻孔平台搭设问题,使该工程工期提前,获得良好效益。     

基于GRNN的GSM-R场强覆盖预测算法

在比较Hata模型修正方法和GRNN算法场强覆盖预测效果的基础上,仿真分析了训练集构成和平滑因子选择对GRNN算法预测效果的影响,给出了训练集构成和平滑因子选择的方法;提出了电波传播环境相似系数来表征GRNN模型在不同环境下的适用性。仿真结果表明,两种传播环境的相似系数越大,由一种环境下测试数据确定的GRNN在另一环境下的预测精度越高。