山区公路路侧安全性研究及对策

山区公路的路侧事故率较高,这与山区公路中缺乏防护设施的保护有关。为改善山区公路安全性能,降低车辆冲出路外的路侧事故,对公路路侧安全性设计原则进行研究,从而提高路侧安全设计水平。针对山区公路特有的特点,提出在山区公路中应加强路侧护栏的设置,路侧护栏作为公路上基本的交通安全设施,能减轻事故的严重度。     

艰险山区铁路长大坡道铺轨施工技术研究

郑万铁路重庆段沿线地形复杂、线路桥隧多、长大坡道段较多,给长钢轨运输、铺设造成严重的安全隐患,带来一系列施工难题。针对长大坡道铺轨施工风险和难题,从牵引机车优化配置、长轨列车装载加固、长轨列车对位和钢轨解锁等方面开展研究,并对研究成果进行现场应用验证。研究结果表明:综合考虑运行牵引质量、启动牵引质量上限、制动力和制动距离对不同坡度段进行牵引机车优化配置,不同坡度段的牵引机车配置完全满足施工要求;通过对长轨支架进行加固和长钢轨锁定,保证了长钢轨运输的安全;长钢轨铺设过程中,通过加强铺轨对位作业的现场指导和管理,同时利用自主研发的长钢轨防溜装置,从而确保了长大坡道铺轨的安全。     

山区高填方涵洞设计探讨

详细叙述了山区高填方涵洞的布置、型式选择和地基处理方法,给出了垂直土压力的实用计算公式,并结合工作经验,从设计角度出发提出了一些技术性建议。     

二广高速公路跑石界隧道涌水量计算与分析

在隧道施工过程中,隧道区工程地质和水文地质条件如未能提前查明常常导致围岩失稳、隧道涌水和流土等问题。在这些问题中,隧道涌水较为常见并往往威胁施工人员的人身安全,同时也将影响施工进度且增高工程造价。以二广高速公路跑石界隧道为例,在前期专项水文地质勘察的基础上,通过几种不同的计算方法,对该隧道涌水量进行了计算。通过与实测涌水量的对比,指出各涌水量计算方法的优缺点,根据各方法的适用条件为该隧道的顺利实施提供技术支持。     

河谷型城市进出口交通安全防护措施

主要为河谷型城市进出口的交通安全提供理论依据,分析河谷型城市进出口类型与网络特征,河谷型城市进出口的道路构成与特征,以及河谷型城市进出口交通事故特征。进而有针对性地提出河谷型城市进出口交通安全的防护措施。     

Consumer preferences for electric vehicles in lower tier cities of China: Evidences from south Jiangsu region

China is the world biggest market of electric vehicles (EVs) in terms of production and sales. Existing studies on consumer preferences for EVs in China have generally focused on first-tier cities, while little attention has been paid to the lower tier cities. This exploratory study investigates consumer preferences for EVs in lower tier cities of China, by collecting stated preference (SP) data in two second-tier cities and three third-tier cities in the south Jiangsu region of China. The discrete choice modeling analysis shows that Chinese consumers in lower-tier cities are generally sensitive to monetary attributes, charging service and driving range of EVs. They also perceive Chinese vehicle brands to be disadvantaged compared with European brands. When comparing the differences in second-tier versus third-tier cities, we find that consumers in third-tier cities are more sensitive to purchase price, subsidy of purchase, and coverage of charging stations than their second-tier counterparts. This study also highlights the role of different psychological effects, such as symbols of car ownership, normative-face influence, and risk aversion, in shaping consumer preferences for EVs in lower-tier cities of China. Our results provide important implications for contextualizing government policies and marketing strategies in line with the different sizes and characteristics of the cities in China.     

A ‘sustainability window’ of urban form

With global environmental change and the rise of global megacities, environmental and social externalities of urban systems, and especially of urban form, become increasingly prevalent. The question of optimal urban form has been debated and investigated by different disciplines in numerous contexts, including those of transport costs, land consumption and congestion. Here we elucidate theoretically how urban form and the urban transport system systematically modifies sustainability concerns, such as greenhouse gas emissions, local air pollution and congestion. We illustrate our analytical considerations with empirical analysis. Denser urban form would almost unambiguously mitigate climate change, but it would also lead to undesired effects, such as a higher proportion of urban dwellers affected by air pollution. Our study presents a ‘sustainability window’ by highlighting trade-offs between these sustainability concerns as a function of urban form. Only a combination of transportation policies, infrastructure investments and progressive public finance enables the development of cities that perform well in several sustainability dimensions. We estimate that a residential population density between 50 and 150 persons/ha and a modal share of environmental modes above at least 50% corresponds to the sustainability window of urban form. The parameters of the sustainability window of urban form is subject to policy changes and technological progress.     

航电枢纽调节山区航道设计最高通航水位的确定

航电枢纽人工调节将引发下游航道水位和流速的变化,对船舶通航条件带来较大影响。针对航电枢纽调节下典型山区航道——兰江航道,采用数值模拟手段,计算航道上游规划姚家枢纽和灵马枢纽建成后,不同重现期洪水下的水位、流速分布等水力特性,最终得到航道设计最高通航水位。计算结果表明:10 a和5 a重现期下航道特征水位超过警戒水位较多,不利于河道防洪和航行安全;3 a重现期洪水对应水位的局部分航段流速较大,影响航道运行安全和航道运输的综合效益;结合航道建设和运行的经济效益、航道以及行船安全,认为以2 m/s适航流速作为参考条件、经试算获得的90%洪水频率对应的特征水位作为兰江航道设计最高通航水位较为合理。     

高原山区公路网布局结构均衡性评价

以科学发展观提出的"以人为本"和社会发展公平性为目标,基于均衡性理念,明晰了公路网布局结构均衡性的基本内涵,考虑区域地理状况、经济发展和社会发展3方面公路网均衡性评价影响因素.建立了公路网布局结构均衡性评价指标体系;提出了基于点、线、面3个层次的公路网布局均衡性的评价思路,应用单项指标分析法、赛尔指数法、不均衡指数法进...     

山区道路弯道上车辆自动减速系统分析、建模与设计

受弯道离心力影响,在弯道处车辆易发生侧滑和侧翻,山区道路转弯车道为交通事故高发区.车辆自动减速系统运用ITS技术自动控制车辆,使其能以安全车速通过弯道,避免交通事故发生.阐述车辆在转弯道处的运行机理,并对其在直线路段和曲线路段的运行情况分别建立数学模型,且对模型进行解析,以展现车辆自动减速系统的控制过程.通过对数学模型...