Neighborhood services,trip purpose,and tour-based travel

Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies to reduce drive-alone travel. Many planning efforts aim to develop neighborhoods with higher levels of accessibility that will allow residents to shop closer to home and drive fewer miles. To better understand how accessible land use patterns relate to household travel behavior, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the typical range of services available in areas with high neighborhood accessibility. It explains how trip-based travel analysis is limited because it does not consider the linked (chained) nature of most travel. The second section describes a framework that provides a more behavioral understanding of household travel. This framework highlights travel tours, the sequence of trips that begin and end at home, as the basic unit of analysis. The paper offers a typology of travel tours to account for different travel purposes; by doing so, this typology helps understand tours relative to the range of services typically offered in accessible neighborhoods. The final section empirically analyzes relationships between tour type and neighborhood access using detailed travel data from the Central Puget Sound region (Seattle, Washington). Households living in areas with higher levels of neighborhood access are found to complete more tours and make fewer stops per tour. They make more simple tours (out and back) for work and maintenance (personal, appointment, and shopping) trip purposes but there is no difference in the frequency of other types of tours. While they travel shorter distances for maintenance-type errands, a large portion of their maintenance travel is still pursued outside the neighborhood. These findings suggest that while higher levels of neighborhood access influences travel tours, it does not spur households to complete the bulk of their errands close to home.     

配比设计与级配调试现场速解方法研究

应用EXCEL电子图表的数据处理功能，研究了混合料配比设计与级配调试的速解途径。结合混合料配比设计与料场管理的现实特点，发现借助多元最小二乘法拟合原理，由电算程序求解超静定线性方程组，不仅可以快速准确地完成配比设计，而且可以随配比调节同步显示出级配变化。结果表明电子图表既可作为配比设计模版，又可现场预知级配调控结果，是拌和场消除成品料级配废料的一种便捷手段。     

Development of a hull form definition tool with a related knowledge-based advisory system

The development of a parametric hull form design system utilizing combined knowledge-based and objectoriented methodologies, approaches, and techniques is the major purpose of this research. One objective was the development of a powerful, intuitive, and parameter-based hull definition system with a related hull definition advisory system that would provide useful and necessary advice to the user. Object and knowledge modeling activities were conducted during the analysis and design stage to facilitate the implementation of a hull design program and advisory system. The hull design system includes the generation of a geometric model from a process of aggregating simple user-selected shapes representing different boundaries. Design involves the capability to vary simple parameters such as entrance angles, length-breadth ratios, and radii to define local and general surface geometries. Hydrostatic calculations are included for analysis; results are referred to an advisory system for evaluation and the determination of the acceptability of parameters and analysis results. The advisory system includes a knowledge bases consisting of hull form databases, results of the statistical analysis of data, design parameter constraints, and expert knowledge acquired from designers, reference materials, and technical reports. Use of the design tool with the advisory system results in the rapid generation of hull forms and associated design evaluations. Flexibility in decision making results from the separation of the design system from the advisory system. The independence of the two systems allows for a wide range of user experience with experts using the design tool with minimal reference to the advisory system. On the other hand, the expertise and knowledge stored in the advisory system is fully available to inexperienced designers and users.     

Studies on the optimization of stern hull form based on a potential flow solver

A hypothesis of the minimum energy of secondary flow, suggested by Bessho, is introduced here. According to this hypothesis, it can be expected that hull forms having frame lines with a minimum energy of secondary flow show less form drag. In the first part of this article, secondary flow energy is evaluated for the cases with and without a free-surface effect, and Bessho’s hypothesis is confirmed for practical hull forms. Then optimization methods for the stern hull form are suggested, in which a nonlinear optimization technique is introduced. Numerical examples are given for a practical tanker hull form and a practical container hull form. From these studies, the suggested optimization method can be confirmed as a simplified and practical design method to the select frame lines of stern hull forms.     

移动模架造桥机在苏通大桥引桥PC连续梁的应用

介绍了苏通北引桥完全自行式移动模架系统的一般构造及工作原理。重点分析了移动模架系统施工过程中箱梁底板线形控制要点及箱梁悬臂段受力特点，针对悬臂端箱梁底板横向应力水平过高的特点，揭示了原因，提出了工程措施并在实桥中应用。     

北京地铁车站附属建筑的设置

以北京在建地铁4、5号线、10号线一期工程的规划设计、建设实践为基础,分析以往地铁车站附属建筑设置过程中容易忽视的几个细节问题,如车站出入口、通风亭、冷却塔与城市道路红线、建设用地及文物的关系,以及通风亭和冷却塔的建筑形式等。最后得出结论：地铁车站附属建筑设置应结合城市道路近、远期规划科学设置,满足城市道路交叉口渠化、人行道最小宽度要求。现状已实现规划的建设用地内尽量不安排车站附属建筑;位于城市待改造用地内,出入口、通风亭及部分通道应按临时建（构）筑物设计,待规划实施时,其改造方案可与建设项目统一设计;位于正在办理规划审批手续的建设用地内,车站附属建筑应与建设项目作一体化设计。旧城内车站附属建筑设计应做多方案比选,慎重抉择。环控专业应提早参与配合,设计前期应事先确定通风亭、冷却塔的建筑形式,以便预留合适的用地,做到及早控制。     

中心站用移动接触网时6．5m线间距可行性探讨

通过介绍目前铁路集装箱中心站常规设计模式和集装箱装卸机械,分析了当装卸线采用移动接触网时影响线间距的主要因素,同时给定了线间距为6.5 m时集装箱装卸机械横向操控最大允许误差并对运营管理提出建议.     

穿浪双体船兴波阻力研究

对穿浪双体船（WavePiereingCatamaran,简称WPC）兴波阻力理论计算方法进行了研究,在此基础上对一艘穿浪双体船模型的兴波阻力进行了理论计算,并将理论计算结果与模型试验结果、25°系列阻力图谱计算结果进行比较,探讨了片体修长系数、片体间距对WPC兴波阻力影响的规律。     

高速铁路先简支后连续模型箱梁内模制造及施工工艺探讨

针对高速铁路先简支后连续梁的内模设计、制造及先简支后连续法梁体混凝土灌筑、施工工艺进行探讨。     

铁路圆端形桥墩无拉筋复合模板设计

通过圆端形桥墩无拉筋复合模板的设计实例,介绍该种模板的构造、理论计算方法及其特点。无拉筋复合模板,既不设置拉筋,也不设置单独的支撑体系,其支撑体系与模板融为一体,使用起来方便简单。另外,在模板的侧面设有人行爬梯,顶部装有施工平台,施工时不需要另外搭设施工脚手平台。