高速公路改扩建作业区交通安全设施设置研究

根据高速公路改扩建施工区的交通特性及驾驶人的反应特征,将施工作业区划分为7个分段,构建驾驶人视认模型,并对各个分段安全设施进行设置,可保障高速公路施工作业区的安全与通畅,这已被郑洛高速公路所证实。     

旅游城市高铁站站前广场综合交通改善设计——以黄山北站为例

在全国高铁网络逐步构成的背景下,旅游城市高铁站站前广场在高铁运营后逐渐显现出了设施配套不足、交通组织混乱等问题.以黄山北站为例,通过分析黄山北站客流特征、站前广场交通设施现状、交通组织及运行,对黄山北站客流进行了预测,对交通设施规模进行了测算.根据预测结果,提出了交通改善策略,并从设施布局、交通组织等方面提出了近期和远期的具体交通改善方案.     

用于智能驾驶系统评价的乘员损伤模型

只有较少的交通事故数据资源被用于建立基于碰撞速度信息的乘员损伤模型，致使所得到的模型精度差。为此，提出了基于车辆变形深度的乘员损伤模型。对美国不同制造年代和车辆级别的事故数据进行聚类分析，论证出车辆变形深度与乘员损伤风险具有相关性。以车辆变形深度为自变量，通过回归分析得到乘员损伤模型。不同种类车辆的乘员损伤模型拟合精度R²约为0.9，证明了该模型的正确性。为进一步验证，以此模型为基础，评价智能驾驶系统的有效性。以自动紧急制动系统为例，对比基于变形深度和速度变化量信息2种方法的有效性计算结果。结果表明：2组结果的平均误差不超过1%，验证了基于变形深度的乘员损伤模型的准确性。该模型仅需要事故数据库中准确的变形深度信息，能够获得更多的事故数据支持，从而可以更好地适应于不同类别智能驾驶系统的评价需求。     

基于智能体模拟的浮动式停车价格实施效果研究

在城市机动车保有量快速增长的背景下，制定合理的停车价格对缓解停车难问题具有重要的作用. 基于多智能体的建模方法，结合典型城市商业区停车调查数据搭建仿真环境，通过编程实现停车过程中的行为决策规则，建立浮动式停车价格下的路内停车模拟平台，并对浮动式停车价格的实施效果进行研究. 模拟结果表明，浮动式停车价格策略的实施不仅使路内停车资源的利用更为均衡，区域内车位紧张状况有所缓解，停车寻泊时间有所减少，还提高了周边道路上车辆运行速度. 本研究可以为提高停车效率、缓解区域道路交通拥堵提供一定决策建议.     

Does the income elasticity of road traffic depend on the source of income?

An extensive body of literature addresses the income elasticity of road traffic, in which income is typically treated as a homogenous quantity. Here we report evidence of heterogeneity in cross-sectional estimates of the elasticity of vehicle-kilometres of travel (VKT) with respect to income, when household income is disaggregated on the basis of income source.The results are generally intuitive, and show that the cross-sectional income elasticity of road traffic is not homogeneous as is typically specified in transport planning models. We show that in a number of circumstances the cross-sectional elasticity with respect to aggregate household income is of the opposite sign in comparison to more refined estimates of elasticity disaggregated by income source. If further research confirms that the elasticities we report here are causal in nature, neglecting the elemental effects could result in misleading results affecting practical infrastructure-investment and policy decisions, particularly as the mix of income sources shifts (e.g. if, as society ages, pension income increases as a share of all income).These results are of interest to both researchers and forecasters of travel demand, as well as designers of future travel survey instruments; the latter group must decide how to generate data about respondents’ income. Current expert guidance is to collect a single estimate of aggregate income at the household level. Future travel survey design choices will bound the analyses that can be supported by the resulting survey data, and therefore methodological research to re-visit the trade-offs associated with such choices is warranted.     

An evaluation framework for traffic calming measures in residential areas

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of various traffic calming measures from the perspectives of traffic performance and safety, and environmental and public health impacts. The proposed framework was applied to four calming measures – two types of speed humps, speed tables, and chicanes – to demonstrate its usefulness and applicability. A field experiment using probe vehicles equipped with global positioning system devices was conducted to obtain vehicle trajectory data for use in more realistic simulations. In addition, a recently developed vehicle emissions model was used for more accurate evaluation of environmental and public health impacts. The results show that chicane is better than the other types of traffic calming measures considered, except in terms of vehicle emissions.     

Traffic noise studies in a tropical environment

This paper reports upon a survey of traffic noise annoyance in three residential districts of Trinidad, West Indies. Householder perceptions were solicited by means of a questionnaire survey and direct measurements of traffic noise levels were taken. The results were compared with surveys elsewhere. It was concluded that household status had little effect on annoyance perception, that at L₁₀ levels greater than 70 dB(A) at a dwelling facade the noise level is unacceptable. L₁₀ levels less than 65 dB(A) at the building facade are not perceived as annoying in the environment considered.     

交通工程中的防雷技术应用探讨

目前国内的交通工程中并没有很好地应用防雷技术，使得很多交通工程在遭受到雷电的干扰后不能尽快采取相应的应急措施．因此由雷电所带来的损失也不可小视。鉴于此，阐述将防雷技术应用到交通工程中的特殊性及其各类注意事项．以此促进防雷技术在交通工程中的推广和应用。     

基于环境的道路交通安全分析

介绍了道路交通安全环境的涵义,分析了道路交通安全环境中的软环境和硬环境,提出了改善我国道路交通安全环境的相关措施。