预应力混凝土弧形腹板箱梁空间受力分析

弧形腹板箱梁由于其大悬臂、大宽跨比的特点,结构受力与变形空间效应突出,采用单一的平面杆系模型不能完全把握结构的受力特性。为此,结合萧山东入城口环境综合整治工程中主线高架的某三跨预应力混凝土连续箱梁,利用ANSYS建立全桥三维有限元实体模型,分析了箱梁弧形腹板对截面抗剪的影响、在荷载作用下箱梁剪力滞系数和偏载系数的分布情况,计算结果为工程设计提供了技术支撑。     

基于傅立叶级数混凝土箱梁腹板竖向正应力的弹性计算

2004版桥规关于竖向预应力的计算公式实际是计算的平均竖向压应力,没有充分考虑到预加力的局部扩散效应。把竖向预应力作为不连续荷载,以傅立叶级数形式展开,导出竖向预加力作用下无限狭长矩形薄板竖向正应力弹性解析公式,该公式可用于预应力混凝土箱梁腹板竖向正应力的计算。     

全比例波形钢腹板PC箱梁力学特性试验研究

根据国内第一座波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁公路桥-泼河大桥的箱梁构造尺寸,设计了30 m足尺试验梁,对其力学性能进行了试验研究和有限元分析。测试了箱梁挠度,波形钢腹板、混凝土顶板及底板的应变。研究结果表明,波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁的混凝土顶板和底板主要承担弯矩,波形钢腹板则主要承担剪力。试验结果为实桥的设计和建造提供了重要的资料。     

波纹钢腹板预应力组合箱梁桥的设计计算分析

针对目前国内跨度最大的波纹钢腹板预应力组合箱梁桥——三道河中桥,对其箱梁主体、波纹钢腹板、剪力连接键及预应力布置等方面的设计及构造细节进行了介绍;并采用ANSYS建立了其空间有限元模型,参照现行的桥梁设计规范对其设计计算过程中的截面受力、波纹钢腹板的受力、剪力连接键的抗剪能力以及主梁变形等关键性问题进行了详细的阐述。计算结果表明,在正常使用极限状态下,混凝土顶底板的应力、波纹钢腹板剪应力及主梁挠度满足要求,且波纹钢腹板不会在其发生剪切屈服之前而发生局部屈曲、整体屈曲或合成屈曲破坏;在承载能力极限状态下,主梁承载能力满足要求;剪力连接键的抗剪能力满足要求且具有较大的安全储备。可为今后波纹钢腹板预应力组合梁桥的设计计算提供参考。     

波形钢腹板-混凝土组合箱梁扭转效应分析

简支波形钢腹板-混凝土组合箱梁扭转效应显著,文中根据组合箱梁受力特性,结合传统混凝土箱梁扭转分析理论,研究组合箱梁在集中偏心荷载作用下的扭转效应.结合相关文献的实验值,对偏心荷载下截面扭转翘曲正应力和扭转翘曲剪应力值进行修正,并通过ANSYS软件计算值进行对比分析.结果表明,在波形钢腹板-混凝土组合箱梁跨中作用偏心集中...     

钢轨轨腰水平脆断敏感性评定

通过采用锯切口法测定了几种进口高强度钢轨轨腰残余应力，阐述了残余应力对轨腰水平脆断的影响。并以切口尖端应力强度因子Ｋ１和轨腰材料断裂韧性Ｋ１作为判据，对这些钢轨轨腰脆断敏感性进行了评定。     

Priority Berthing For Congested Ports: rationale and a model

Adverse effects on a national economy of port congestion are identified. The rationale underlying a system of priority berthing for awaiting vessels is described and contrasted with the operational system of first‐come, first‐served. A system of priority berthing is capable of minimizing the generalized social cost of congestion and this is structured mathematically as a multi‐attribute, decision‐making problem. A worked example is outlined and a computer program described.     

钢绞线和精轧螺纹钢筋的竖向预应力对比研究

文章对箱梁腹板竖向预应力钢绞线和精轧螺纹钢筋进行对比试验,研究钢绞线和精轧螺纹钢筋竖向预应力的规律,分析了两种不同竖向预应力体系的特征和预应力损失,结果表明钢绞线和精轧螺纹钢筋的第一次张拉预应力损失率和两者长期损失率基本相同,竖向预应力钢绞线的第二次张拉效果明显,预应力损失率较第一次张拉减小近1/2,对于控制主拉应力较大的高腹板的竖向预应力可靠度较大,证明了钢绞线作为竖向预应力筋的实际意义,为工程设计提供参考.     

横梁腹板开孔剪切稳定性加强方式

船体结构中,为方便管线通过,常需在横梁腹板上开孔,这将影响横梁的强度和稳定性。本文主要针对腹板开孔对其剪切稳定性影响进行讨论,并为补偿开孔后腹板剪切稳定性的损失,采用有限元弹性屈曲分析方法,探讨了常用的加强筋、围缘扁钢和复板3种加强方式在不同加强尺寸下的加强效果。本文的计算和分析结果能为横梁腹板开孔的加强设计提供一定的参考。     

Carbon flows in Baltic Sea food webs — a re-evaluation using a mass balance approach

The brackish Baltic Sea has been seen as particularly suitable for studies of food webs. Compared to fully marine ecosystems, it has low species diversity, which means fewer trophic linkages to analyse. The Baltic Sea is also one of the best-studied areas of the world, suggesting that most data requirements for food web models should be fulfilled. Nevertheless, the influence of physical and biological factors on trophic interactions and biogeochemical patterns varies spatially in the Baltic Sea, adding considerable complexity to food web studies. Food web structure and processes can be described and compared quantitatively between areas by estimating the flow of matter or energy through the organisms. Most such models have been based on carbon, though studies of complementary flows of other elements limiting production, such as nitrogen and phosphorus would be desirable. However, since ratios between carbon and other elements are used in calculating these flows, it is crucial, as a first step, to quantify the flows of carbon as accurately as possible.In this study, we used the EcopathII software (ver 3.1) to analyse models of carbon flow through the food webs in the three main areas of the Baltic Sea; the Baltic proper, Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay. A previously published study on carbon flow in the Baltic Sea [Elmgren, R. 1984. Trophic dynamics in the enclosed, brackish Baltic Sea. Rapp. P.-V. Reun. — Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. (183) 152–169.] was complemented with the data on respiration and flow to detritus [Wulff, F., Ulanowicz, R. 1989. A comparative anatomy of the Baltic Sea and Chesapeeake Bay ecosystems. In: F. Wulff, J.G. Field, K.H. Mann (Eds.), Flow Analysis of Marine Ecosystems: Theory and Practice. New York: Springer-Verlag.] in order to present complete mass balance models of carbon. The purpose of re-evaluating previous models with new analytic tools was to check how well their carbon flows balance, and to provide a basis for improved mass balance models using more recent data, including nutrients other than carbon.The resulting mass balance networks for the Baltic proper, Bothnian Sea and the Bothnian Bay were shown to deviate from steady state. There was an organic carbon surplus of 45, 25 and 18 g C m⁻² year⁻¹ in the pelagic zones of the Baltic proper, Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay, respectively. The Ecopath network analysis confirmed that the overall carbon flow was highest in the Baltic proper, somewhat lower in the Bothnian Sea and much lower in the Bothnian Bay. The only clear differences in food web structure between the basins was that the average trophic level was lower for demersal fish in the Bothnian Sea and higher for macrofauna in the Bothnian Bay, compared to the other basins. The analysis showed weakness in our current understanding in Baltic Sea food webs and highlighted areas where improvements could be made with more recent data.