边际油田水下液滑环总体设计分析

以渤海湾边际油田环境条件和开发特点为基础,通过对"长青号"FPSO的旧液滑环拆解分析和FLUENT流场计算,研究掌握了液滑环腔体设计参数特性。在此基础上,提出水下液滑环设计方案,并对不同腔体截面型式进行计算分析,并对比计算结果。     

基于CFD的半潜式钻井服务支持平台拖航阻力数值分析

通过分离涡模拟法（detached eddy simulation,DES）对半潜式钻井服务支持平台拖航阻力进行了研究,重点对平台拖航阻力、阻力系数和平台表面附近流场分布等特性进行了研究。研究表明：流方向下平台各结构所受阻力各不相同,下浮体占据总阻力比最大（尤其是90°来流方向下）。阻力系数及升力系数时历曲线变化具有“脉动性”。通过平台表面附近流场分布可以分析涡形成及受力原因,逆方向流及涡之间相互作用使得阻力有所减小。     

切向单双入口旋流器油-水两相分离流场及特性研究

运用雷诺应力模型（RSM）及两相流 MIXTURE 混合模型和 SIMPLEC 算法对切向单、双入口旋流器内的流场进行模拟分析。采用作图法描述了锥段中间截面处的切向速度、径向速度、湍动能及湍能耗散率,使内部复杂旋流流场的分析得以简化。模拟结果表明：单入口旋流器内流场具有不对称性,呈现偏心结构,双入口旋流器流场具有较好的对称性;油-水分离时,切向双入口旋流器中的分离效率为96%,高于单入口旋流器的94%,但同时增大了能量消耗。实验测试结果显示：流量为3 m3/ h 时的实际分离效率为90%,与模拟结果的平均误差为5%,处理流量相同时,采用切向双入口旋流器更能提高分离效率。     

基于 CFD 技术某超大型复杂腔体流场数值研究

为研究复杂腔体内航行体在出筒过程中的燃气流场和腔体内部压力建立情况,采用计算流体力学方法和动网格技术,对航行体出筒过程进行数值模拟。将安置在腔体内的航行体作为运动实体,随着航行体的运动,相应的流场计算边界发生变化。计算过程根据当前时刻喷管内流场及燃气流场计算航行体受力情况,确定航行体在任意计算时刻的运动速度,并由相应的运动边界更新网格,计算新网格下的流场参数分布。计算结果与实验结果符合较好,说明文中方法能够有效地揭示航行体出筒过程中燃气流的动力特性,通过分析这些流动现象,为工程应用提供有意义的参考。     

基于潜艇模型尾流湍流强度和耗散率的CFD模拟

优良的隐身性能使得潜艇具有强大的突防能力,因此,控制潜艇尾流信号特征对于提高潜艇隐身性能意义重大,这些信号特征主要包括尾部湍流强度、湍动能、湍流耗散率等。同时,优良的艇型对于抑制尾流信号特征、提高潜艇快速性和隐身性也具有重要意义。基于此,采用RANS方法计算SUBOFF潜艇主艇体艇型及6种改良艇型的艇体粘性绕流,将CFD方法用于分析艇体半径、艇艏长度、艇艉长度等参数对潜艇尾流信号特征的影响。计算结果显示：在SUBOFF潜艇主艇体艇型及其6种改良艇型的尾流场中,增加艇体半径有利于抑制远尾流场湍流信号特征,在近场则不利;增加艇艏长度能降低近尾流场湍流信号特征,在远场影响较小;增加艇艉长度在近、远尾流场均有利于降低其信号特征。     

Modelling heavy vehicle car‐following behaviour in congested traffic conditions

This study develops a car‐following model in which heavy vehicle behaviour is predicted separately from passenger car. Heavy vehicles have different characteristics and manoeuvrability compared with passenger cars. These differences could create problems in freeway operations and safety under congested traffic conditions (level of service E and F) particularly when there is high proportion of heavy vehicles. With increasing numbers of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream, model estimates of the traffic flow could be degrades because existing car‐following models do not differentiate between these vehicles and passenger cars. This study highlighted some of the differences in car‐following behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger drivers and developed a model considering heavy vehicles. In this model, the local linear model tree approach was used to incorporate human perceptual imperfections into a car‐following model. Three different real world data sets from a stretch of freeway in USA were used in this study. Two of them were used for the training and testing of the model, and one of them was used for evaluation purpose. The performance of the model was compared with a number of existing car‐following models. The results showed that the model, which considers the heavy vehicle type, could predict car‐following behaviour of drivers better than the existing models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

主动旋流管道除垢系统的三维数值模拟

为分析主动旋流管道除垢系统的清洗效果,建立了以高压高速空气为介质的内置螺旋凹槽管的环形流动模型,利用fluent软件对光滑管和内置螺旋凹槽管进行数值模拟,并利用网格无关性验证模型网格。模拟结果表明：内置螺旋凹槽管的环形流动呈复杂的三维螺旋流动,而光滑管则呈普通的直线流动。在相同的条件下,内置螺旋凹槽管的切向速度比较剧烈,而光滑管的切向速度几乎为零,内置螺旋凹槽管的径向速度也比光滑管的大。内置螺旋凹槽管的切向和轴向速度的增大,使边界层减弱,有利于增大管壁的冲刷力,从而增强清洗管道的效果。     

An enhanced safe distance car-following model

Gipps＇ model, a well-known safe distance car-following model, has a very strict restriction on the car-following behavior that the following vehicle has to maintain the exact safe distance to the leading vehicle to avoid rear crash. However, this restriction is not consistent with the real traffic condition. Due to that, an enhanced safe distance car-following model is proposed first, and then calibrated and evaluated using the field data. Furthermore, the simulation is conducted to analyze the characteristics of the new model. The results of evaluation and simulation illustrate that the proposed model has higher simulation accuracy than the original Gipps＇ model, and can reproduce the stable flow and shock wave phenomena that are very common in real traffic. Moreover, the simulation results also prove that the enhanced model can better stabilize the traffic flow than Gipps＇ model.     

基于灵敏度阻抗矩阵修正法的分层前推回代潮流算法

分布式电源（DG）接入配电网对潮流产生重要影响.本文分析了潮流计算中各种分布式电源模型及处理方法,引入灵敏度阻抗矩阵修正法更新PV节点的注入无功功率,结合辐射型配电网的特点,提出一种基于灵敏度阻抗矩阵修正法的分层前推回代潮流算法.该算法解决了前推回代潮流算法处理PV节点失效的问题,同时适用于含各类分布式电源的潮流计算.最后对含各种类型分布式电源的IEEE 33节点配电网进行潮流计算仿真,仿真结果验证了提出算法的有效性和快速性,并通过不同算例验证了算法的稳定性.     

基于近似熵的交通流序列趋势变化检测

交通流趋势变化特征分析是交通流预测的基础．为了提取交通流序列随时间推移所呈现出来的宏观变化规律,提出了一种用于检测交通流序列趋势变化的滑动移除近似熵方法．通过对交通流序列趋势规律进行研究,首先将其细分为上升趋势、平稳波动趋势、下降趋势,然后根据不同趋势变化的时间序列复杂程度不同,建立了滑动移除近似熵方法求解其滑动移除近似熵的值,并根据得到的时间序列提取交通流序列趋势变化．最后以北京市四环路某一断面交通流序列为例,用建立的模型对交通流序列趋势变化进行检测,并与滑动t检验方法结果对比．研究结果表明本文提出的方法能够对交通流序列趋势变化进行检测,且检测结果与实际交通流序列趋势变化比较吻合,研究结论可为短时交通流预测建模提供拳者依据．