System optimal dynamic traffic assignment: Properties and solution procedures in the case of a many-to-one network

Thanks to its high dimensionality and a usually non-convex constraint set, system optimal dynamic traffic assignment remains one of the most challenging problems in transportation research. This paper identifies two fundamental properties of the problem and uses them to design an efficient solution procedure. We first show that the non-convexity of the problem can be circumvented by first solving a relaxed problem and then applying a traffic holding elimination procedure to obtain the solution(s) of the original problem. To efficiently solve the relaxed problem, we explore the relationship between the relaxed problems based on different traffic flow models (PQ, SQ, CTM) and a minimal cost flow (MCF) problem for a special space-expansion network. It is shown that all the four problem formulations produce the same minimal system cost and share one common solution which does not involve inside queues in the network. Efficient solution algorithms such as the network simplex method can be applied to solve the MCF problem and identify such an optimal traffic pattern. Numerical examples are also presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution procedure.     

Effect of road width and traffic volume on vehicular interactions in heterogeneous traffic

Highway traffic flow phenomena involve several complex and stochastic variables with high interdependencies. The variations in roadway, traffic and environmental factors influence the traffic flow quality significantly. Capacity analysis of road sections under different traffic and geometric conditions need to quantify the vehicles of widely varying characteristics to a common and universally acceptable unit. Passenger car unit (PCU) is the universally adopted unit of traffic volume, keeping the passenger car as the ‘standard vehicle’ with reference to its static and dynamic characteristics; other vehicles are expressed to its equivalent number in terms of PCUs. The studies carried out in this aspect represent the dynamic nature of impedance caused by a vehicle while moving through a traffic stream. The PCU values recommended by the Highway Capacity Manual are widely applied in many countries; however, their applicability is highly under debate because of the variations in prevailing local traffic conditions. There are several factors that influence the PCU values such as traffic, roadway, vehicle, environmental and control conditions, etc. Apart from vehicular characteristics, the other two major factors that influence the PCU of vehicles are the following: (i) road width and (ii) traffic volume. In this study, estimation of PCU values for the different types of vehicles of a highly heterogeneous traffic on 7.5‐ and 11.0‐m‐wide roads, using micro‐simulation technique, has been dealt with. It has been found that the PCU value of a vehicle type varies significantly with variation in road width and traffic volume. The results of the study indicate that the PCU values are significantly influenced by the said two factors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高水压、大流量高原隧道富水区治理技术

详细介绍了关角隧道4号斜井高水压、大水量区域的治理方案，内容包括新型堵水材料选择、注浆堵水技术、投入机械设备，以及针对相应情况采取的技术措施。施工实践表明，该施工方案合理可行，效果良好。     

基于评价声级L_r对低流量铁路(含专用线)噪声的环境影响评价研究

针对我国没有明确的低流量及专用线的执行标准和噪声评价量,主要从两个方面进行研究:对比国内外标准的制定过程和标准值,建议我国今后标准建立的应分区分年限;综合分析最大A声级、等效A声级、评价声级L_r和噪声暴露级等评价量,提出用暴露级结合L_r的评价方法,且与瑞士L_r进行计算分析比较,并结合实际监测验证,证明本方法较为可信。     

铁路地质灾害防治工程经济效益分析方法研究

研究目的：通过寻求一种合理有效的工具和方法，适应铁路防灾减灾的现实需要，为铁路地质灾害治理措施的实际标准的选择确定乃至铁路地质灾害防灾减灾决策提供一定的依据，也为同类工程问题的解决提供有价值的参考。研究结论：铁路地质灾害防治工程经济效益由减损效益和增值效益两部分构成，与一般工程经济效益相比具有自身的特性，其中减损效益是分析过程中的重点。可通过建立铁路地质灾害损失核算模型，防治工程成本核算模型以及防治工程经济效益核算模型逐步进行核算与分析，继而确定防治标准和投资方案。     

公轨两用拱桥吊杆的疲劳分析

提出了一种公轨两用拱桥吊杆的疲劳分析方法。依据交通流量调查和相关规范中汽车及轻轨车荷载谱的规定,基于Monte-carlo原理,模拟产生了通过桥梁的双向多车道汽车车流及双向轻轨车车流。针对典型吊杆的影响线开展模拟车流加载,得到杆件应力历程,通过泄水法得到杆件应力谱,按照Palmgren-Miner线性累积损伤理论,计算得到各吊杆的等效应力幅并进行设计基准期内的损伤度评估。以某公轨两用拱桥进行实例分析,同时考虑6线行车道公路荷载和双线轻轨荷载,对吊杆开展了疲劳分析。计算结果表明:采用模拟车流法可方便开展公轨两用特大桥构件的疲劳分析和疲劳剩余寿命评估。     

变压差气道稳流试验台的应用

气道性能(涡流强度、流量系数)对发动机的动力性、经济性和排放有重要影响。气道稳流试验台是目前最常用的综合评价进气道流动特性的实验装置,根据测量方法的区别可分为变压差和定压差。其中变压差试验方法相对于传统的定压差试验,具有快捷、高效的特点,减少气道稳流试验中的调整气道压差为恒值的操作程序。本文基于TUST-101气道稳流试验台的实际应用,对比了2种试验方法的差异,并根据实际应用对试验台进行部分改进以提高精度。     

大型活动散场交通流的时空消散规律

研究了大型活动散场时观众离开活动场所的客流规律,并在此基础上根据观众步行速度概率分布,确定了观众到达停车场的流量分布规律;结合停车场的空间分布和活动场所周边道路交通条件,得出活动场所周边道路各路段散场时段的交通流随时间变化的规律,从而建立了大型活动交通流时空消散模型;另外,结合某大型活动散场时段交通流调查结果,对该模型进行了应用示例和精度检验。结果表明:该模型预测结果的误差非常小,可为大型活动的交通组织管理方案的制定提供依据。     

柔性基座上隔振系统的能量分析

针对船用基座特点,建立起柔性基座上隔振系统的数学模型,利用该模型并采用振动功率流法对隔振系统进行计算,得到振动流规律.     

桥墩扰流对通航净宽尺度影响的试验研究

建桥后由于桥墩扰流,改变了原有的水流条件与河床冲淤条件,从而影响到原有的通航条件.在总结国内主要研究成果的基础上,结合水槽定、动床试验成果,对桥墩扰流宽度影响因素进行深入分析,并用量纲分析法得出其计算公式.