特种车辆系统动力学特性模拟分析

基于弹性体原理,详细分析了一种特种车辆——凹底平车中大底架的弹性振动特性.将多体系统动力学理论与有限元理论相结合,在对车辆系统中各种因素合理分析的基础上,正确引入大底架的弹性振动特性,构建了凹底平车刚柔耦合多体系统动力学模型,计算分析了车辆系统的动力学特性,进而得到了运行速度和车辆上所关心参数对车辆系统动力学响应的影响,并与实测结果做了系统比较.结果表明,在选定的计算点,该车辆系统动力学响应计算值与试验值的最大误差仅为3.84%,在工程允许范围内.此种分析方法能减小车辆系统的模拟计算规模,提高计算速度,同时又能保证计算的准确性,能满足车辆系统动力学特性分析的需要.     

Railway vehicle performance optimisation using virtual homologation

Unlike regular automotive vehicles, which are designed to travel in different types of roads, railway vehicles travel mostly in the same route during their life cycle. To accept the operation of a railway vehicle in a particular network, a homologation process is required according to local standard regulations. In Europe, the standards EN 14363 and UIC 518, which are used for railway vehicle acceptance, require on-track tests and/or numerical simulations. An important advantage of using virtual homologation is the reduction of the high costs associated with on-track tests by studying the railway vehicle performance in different operation conditions. This work proposes a methodology for the improvement of railway vehicle design with the objective of its operation in selected railway tracks by using optimisation. The analyses required for the vehicle improvement are performed under control of the optimisation method global and local optimisation using direct search. To quantify the performance of the vehicle, a new objective function is proposed, which includes: a Dynamic Performance Index, defined as a weighted sum of the indices obtained from the virtual homologation process; the non-compensated acceleration, which is related to the operational velocity; and a penalty associated with cases where the vehicle presents an unacceptable dynamic behaviour according to the standards. Thus, the optimisation process intends not only to improve the quality of the vehicle in terms of running safety and ride quality, but also to increase the vehicle availability via the reduction of the time for a journey while ensuring its operational acceptance under the standards. The design variables include the suspension characteristics and the operational velocity of the vehicle, which are allowed to vary in an acceptable range of variation. The results of the optimisation lead to a global minimum of the objective function in which the suspensions characteristics of the vehicle are optimal for the track, the maximum operational velocity is increased while the safety and ride quality measures of the vehicle, as defined by homologation standards, are either maintained in acceptable values or improved.     

港珠澳大桥接头吊装下沉过程的多体动力学分析

为了求解港珠澳大桥沉管隧道最终接头在安装过程中的运动位移,首先,利用ANSYS-AQWA软件建立了接头安装过程的系统水动力模型,得到了不同有义波高和波向下浮吊船的运动响应.然后,基于Kane方法建立了浮吊系统的多体动力学模型,通过编写相应的计算程序,并将浮吊船的运动作为系统的输入,计算得到了不同工况下接头的运动轨迹.计算结果表明:接头在空中和水中的运动位移幅值差别很小;接头的位移幅值随着波浪有义波高的增大而增大;相对于其他波向,波向为0度时,接头的运动位移最大.该理论计算方法及相关结论可以为港珠澳大桥最终接头的安装提供参考.     

转向梯形断开点位置对汽车稳态转向特性的影响

汽车稳态转向特性是汽车操纵稳定性的最重要的性能指标.综合运用仿真和试验研究的方法,系统分析转向梯形断开点对汽车稳态转向特性的影响.研究结果表明:转向梯形断开点高度位置直接决定着车轮前束角随车轮跳动量的变化特性,所提出转向梯形断开点优化方案能极大地改善汽车稳态转向特性和降低轮胎磨损,同时不对汽车操纵稳定性的其它评价指标的产生不良影响.     

Influences on nonlinear judder vibrations of railway brakes

The paper reports on a joined research project of Knorr-Bremse, Siemens Mobility and the Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics. The goal of the project was to analyse the dynamical behaviour of friction brakes for high-speed trains. It was intended to gain insight into possible vibration mechanisms and to assess the potential for lay-out and operation improvements for future light-weight designs. In particular, the frequency range up to 250 Hz has been addressed, since the corresponding excitation is unavoidable at least to some extent and has to be considered when the brake system is designed. The study includes a comprehensive multibody simulation study and its comparison to experimental results at the test rig of Knorr-Bremse in Munich. The simulation model is adapted step by step in order to clearly identify and separate the influences on the dynamical properties of the complete brake system including its mounting. Additionally a minimal model is introduced that demonstrates some characteristics of the brake system. It turned out that the underlying knowledge is essential for the mechanical lay-out, which could be demonstrated by solving a particular vibration problem in an actual high-speed project.     

非定常气动荷载对桥上列车行驶安全舒适性影响分析

为了研究非定常气动力荷载对桥上列车行车安全性和舒适性的影响,结合有限元软件ANSYS和多体动力学软件SIMPACK,建立列车-轨道-桥梁三维多体系统模型,计算风-列车-桥梁耦合系统的动力响应;对比分析定常与非定常气动力荷载作用下桥上列车的行驶安全与舒适性,研究非定常气动力荷载作用下不同横向风速对列车行驶安全的影响。研究结果表明:列车行驶速度为200~300km/h,无风荷载情况下,各安全性与舒适性指标值均满足要求且均小于风荷载作用。横风作用下平均风速为20 m/s,考虑非定常气动力荷载的影响不仅会使列车行驶安全评估结果更安全,还会使列车舒适性评估结果偏于保守。平均风速不超过20 m/s,车速控制在250 km/h,桥上列车行车安全、舒适性均满足要求,且平稳性等级可达到"良好"以上。通过对不同横向风速下桥上列车行驶安全分析,给出桥上列车安全行驶的阈值,为列车的安全运营提供依据。     

Numerical investigation of engine-to-slip dynamics for motorcycle traction control applications

This work discusses the motorcycle engine-to-slip dynamics which are strictly related to the traction control design. A street motorcycle is analysed by means of an advanced mathematical model which also includes the tyre flexibility and the transmission compliance. The effects of the following parameters on engine-to-slip dynamics are investigated: vehicle speed, engaged gear ratio, sprocket absorber flexibility and road properties. Guidelines for increasing the maximum achievable closed-loop bandwidth are given.     

Curving performance simulation of an EMS-type Maglev vehicle

For electromagnetic suspension (EMS) type urban Maglev vehicles using a U-shaped electromagnet, the levitation and guidance forces are generated by only one electromagnet. Although the levitation force is actively controlled by changing the voltage of the electromagnet, the guidance force is passively determined by the levitation force. In addition, the curve negotiation performance of EMS-type urban Maglev vehicles using a U-shaped electromagnet must be considered, because an urban guideway may have some curves with shorter radii. It is, therefore, necessary to predict the curving performance with the greatest accuracy possible, in order to improve electromagnetic suspension and establish guideway design specifications. The objective is to establish a new dynamic modelling technique, so as to achieve more realistic curving simulation and thus to more accurately evaluate the curving performance of an EMS-type Maglev vehicle. The use of a full vehicle multibody dynamic model is proposed, and is applied to the evaluation of curving performance. Design changes are also investigated to obtain the bogie design directions for minimising variation in the lateral air gap, which is a criterion for curving performance.     

Tyre–road grip coefficient assessment. Part 1: off-line methodology using multibody dynamic simulation and genetic algorithms

A key factor to understand the vehicle dynamic behaviour is to know as accurately as possible the interaction that occurs between the tyre and the road, since it depends on many factors that influence the dynamic response of the vehicle. This paper aims to develop a methodology in order to characterise the tyre–road behaviour, applying it to obtain the tyre–road grip coefficient. This methodology is based on the use of dynamic simulation of a virtual model, integrated into a genetic algorithm that identifies the tyre–road friction coefficient in order to adjust the response obtained by simulation to real data. The numerical model was developed in collaboration with SEAT Technical Centre and it was implemented in multibody dynamic simulation software Adams®, from MSC®.     

Kinematic and dynamic analysis of the McPherson suspension with a planar quarter-car model

McPherson suspension modelling poses a challenging problem due to its nonlinear asymmetric behaviour. The paper proposes a planar quarter-car analytical model that not only considers vertical motion of the sprung mass (chassis) but also: (i) rotation and translation for the unsprung mass (wheel assembly), (ii) wheel mass and its inertia moment about the longitudinal axis, and (iii) tyre damping and lateral deflection. This kinematic–dynamic model offers a solution to two important shortcomings of the conventional quarter-car model: it accounts for geometry and for tyre modelling. The paper offers a systematic development of the planar model as well as the complete set of mathematical equations. This analytical model can be suitable for fast computation in hardware-in-the-loop applications. Furthermore, a reproducible Simulink implementation is given. The model has been compared with a realistic Adams/View simulation to analyse dynamic behaviour for the jounce and rebound motion of the wheel and two relevant kinematic parameters: camber angle and track width variation.