钢网面板加筋土挡墙动力特性试验的变形研究

基于泥质红砂岩粗粒土填料，采用MTS分别模拟地震荷载、交通荷载、加-卸载多循环荷载进行大尺寸模型试验，研究了钢网面板土工格栅加筋土挡墙在上述荷载作用下的动力特性，获得了不同峰值的水平地震激励下模型挡墙不同位置的水平动位移、竖向动位移峰值响应等实测值；采用不同频率、不同幅值的竖向交通荷载正交试验法，获得了该模型挡墙在重复荷载作用下的最大水平变形、最大沉降量及位置等动力特性参数值；通过7种荷载、21组加卸载循环试验，获得了加一卸载多循环荷载作用下的实测沉降值。试验结果表明：该加筋结构具有整体变形的特性，是优良的抗震结构，能承受抗震设防烈度为9度的地震荷载；同时该加筋结构具有良好的稳定性和抗破坏性，重复荷载的幅值和振动次数对结构动力变形特性的影响较大，而振动频率对变形特性的影响不显著；多循环荷载作用下该加筋结构能够明显减小不均匀沉降。过长的筋材并不能明显地改善加筋土挡墙的动力特性。     

系统效能通用评估工具研究

基于数据库和算法集成,设计了一套具有良好通用性、灵活性、可扩展性的系统效能评估工具,并以此工具为基础,针对不同的评估需求、数据量和应用环境提出对应的解决方案.     

十字板强度推算的抗剪强度指标在箱简型基础设计计算中的应用

新型箱筒型防波堤基础稳定性计算与抗剪强度指标的取值密切相关。在天津港地区,上覆较厚的软粘土层,处于欠固结状态,含水率高,承载力低。在施工期稳定性分析中,目前以十字板强度在工程中应用最广泛,但十字板强度实际上是土体各滑动面的抗剪强度的小值,单一的十字板强度指标无法估算新型箱筒型基础的地基土压力及承载力等。基于十字板强度随深度线性分布的规律及摩尔-库伦抗剪强度原理,结合收集的大量十字板强度实测数据,通过回归统计分析推算出地基土的2个抗剪强度指标,可应用于新型箱筒型基础稳定性和承载力的计算。该方法具有一般性,还可用于软粘土土坡稳定分析。     

Flexible long range planning using low cost information

Contemporary transport planning requires a flexible modelling approach which can be used to monitor the implementation of a long term plan checking regularly its short term performance with easily available data; the original model is periodically updated using low cost information and this allows the evaluation of the changes to the plan which may be required. Such an approach requires models suited to regular updating and to the use of data from different sources. Models to update trip matrices from traffic counts have been available for some time; however, the estimation and/or updating of other model stages with low cost data has escaped analytical treatment. The paper discusses this idea and formulates the updating problem for an example involving a joint destination/mode choice model under various assumptions about the nature of the available data. Analytical solutions are proposed as well as some general conclusions.requests for offprints     

Alternative Modeling Approaches Used for Examining Automobile Ownership: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Household vehicle ownership, and the associated dimensions including fleet size, vehicle type and usage, has been one of the most researched transport topics. This paper endeavors to provide a critical overview of the wide-ranging methodological approaches employed in vehicle ownership modeling depending on the ownership representation over the past two decades. The studies in the existing literature based on the vehicle ownership representation are classified as: exogenous static, exogenous dynamic, endogenous static and endogenous dynamic models. The methodological approaches applied range from simple linear regressions to complex econometrics formulations taking into account a rich set of covariates. In spite of the steady advancement and impressive evolution in terms of methodological approaches to examine the decision process, we identify complex issues that pose a formidable challenge to address the evolution of vehicle ownership in the coming years. Specifically, we discuss challenges with data availability and methodological framework selection. In light of these discussions, we provide a decision matrix for aiding researchers/practitioners in determining appropriate model frameworks for conducting vehicle ownership analysis.     

Measuring community reaction to urban transportation impacts using Von Neumann‐Morgenstern utility theory

This paper attempts to measure the impacts of urban transportation system improvements or changes on the community. The community's perceptions of the impacts are represented by its utilities (or disutilities) over various ranges of values of the multiple attributes representing these impacts. The utility technique used in the evaluation is based upon von Neumann‐Morgenstern (vN‐M, 1947) Utility Theory, and is applied using Raiffa's (1970) Fractile Method.

The paper specifically applies the technique to model the perceptions of five subgroups within a community to the impact of a new light rail transit system that is being incorporated in the transportation system of the City of Calgary.

Results of the modeling indicate explicitly how the community changes its perception over ranges of values of the attributes evaluated. Biases of various subgroups within the community over these attributes are also shown. Statistical tests indicate that aggregated utility perceptions can represent the utility perceptions of the individual subgroups quite reasonably.     

Role of Bus‐Based Park and Ride in the UK: A Temporal and Evaluative Review

Abstract

The number of bus‐based Park and Ride (P&R) schemes in the UK has grown substantially over the past 40 years as a result of its encouragement by the Government as a tool to deal with increasing traffic congestion and traffic‐related pollution. The aim of this article is to analyse the degree to which P&R is effective in the contemporary policy context. The authors identify phases of development of P&R since its emergence as a local solution to transport capacity constraints in historic towns. Policy goals are identified against which a review of literature is used to highlight its effectiveness. It is concluded that P&R may increase the distance travelled by its users due to low load factors on dedicated buses, public transport abstraction and trip generation, although it is highlighted that there are areas in which further research is required to clarify its impacts.     

基于FMECA故障分析的高速动车组制动系统RAMS研究

高速动车组制动系统RAMS管理能够保证车辆在其全寿命周期内达到其功能要求。文章以CRH2型高速动车组制动系统为对象建立了可靠性模型,利用FMECA方法,系统地分析了制动系统的故障模式影响及危害性,并将其可能的故障模式按严重程度分类,以便采取改进措施。     

A note on the use of correlation coefficients for assessing goodness-of-fit in spatial interaction models

The use of correlation coefficients to evaluate the accuracy of spatial interaction models is inappropriate unless such models have been fitted using least squares techniques. In other cases the correlation involves an implicit intercept value and a regression coefficient that may significantly modify the interaction model's estimates. Researchers have not acknowledged the role of these two parameters when the correlation is used. A generalized root mean square error is proposed as an alternative indicator of accuracy that may be used with any model.     

组合预测在港口吞吐量预测中的应用研究

以某港口1996—2002年吞吐量为原始数据,按照“误差平方和最小”的准则,把一元线性回归模型和GM(1,1)模型组合起来,对某港口2004—2008年的吞吐量进行了组合预测。