Fitness-for-purpose assessment of cracked offshore wind turbine monopile

In this paper, the procedure for flaw acceptability assessment is examined through a case study of a semi-elliptical surface crack in an offshore monopile as it grows till it forms a through thickness crack. Using the procedure prescribed in an industrial standard (BS 7910), the fracture ratio, K_r is shown to increase monotonically with increasing crack depth. The load ratio, L_r, is initially insensitive to the crack depth. However, there is a rapid increase in L_r when the crack depth to thickness ratio exceeds 80%. L_r values obtained from detailed 3D FE limit analysis using elastic-perfectly-plastic material behaviour do not exhibit the asymptotic behaviour predicted by BS 7910 as the flaw transitions from deep crack to through-thickness crack. Furthermore, K_r predicted by BS 7910 is shown to be an over-estimation for the typical dimensions of offshore monopiles. The findings suggest that a structure with a deep flaw may be identified as unacceptable based on BS 7910 when it may still possess a non-trivial amount of structural residual life. This is a concern for monopiles where crack growth as a large flaw forms a significant part of the total life.     

Buckle propagation of damaged SHCC sandwich pipes: Experimental tests and numerical simulation

Sandwich pipe (SP) combining high-strength performance and thermal insulation has been considered an effective solution for oil and gas transportation in ultra-deepwater. Strain hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) is well known for its capacity to withstand both tensile load and external hydrostatic pressure. The sandwich pipe considered in the research is constituted of concentric steel pipes with SHCC annular layer. In the present research work, the SHCC was manufactured, and full scale sandwich pipes were assembled. Intact and damaged specimens were submitted to controlled external pressure in a hyperbaric chamber to obtain the collapse and propagation pressures, respectively. Modeling and simulation of the buckle propagation of the SPs were correlated with the experimental results. The results show that sandwich pipe with SHCC core has an excellent structural strength under high external pressure in both intact and damaged conditions. Moreover, the results also show that the interaction between the annular and the inner/outer pipes provides a significant contribution to the buckling resistance under propagation pressure.     

Numerical modelling of hydrodynamic responses of Ocean Farm 1 in waves and current and validation against model test measurements

With the continuous growing of the aquaculture industry and increasingly limited fish farming sites at close to shore areas both in Norway and worldwide, there is a need to develop fish farms suitable for aquaculture production in typical offshore environments. For this purpose, SALMAR has developed and deployed the Ocean Farm 1 facility for offshore fish farming.The main purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable numerical model and investigate the motion responses of the Ocean Farm 1 structure in waves and current. The established numerical model consists of the Ocean Farm 1's frame structure (with rigidly-connected circular column components), the net and the mooring system. The hydrodynamic external loads and coefficients of the frame structure are obtained by using potential flow theory. The quadratic drag load on the individual circular columns of the frame structure is formulated by a given drag coefficient. The loads on the net are formulated by using the screen model, where the Reynold number dependent lift and drag forces are formulated as a function of the solidity ratio Sn of the net, relative inflow angle and velocity. The hydrodynamic loads on the mooring lines are formulated using the Morison's equation and the structural responses of the mooring lines are obtained using a nonlinear FE model.With the developed numerical model, time domain simulations are performed. The simulation results are firstly validated against measured data from the decay tests, current tests, and regular wave tests. After the validation, numerical simulations are performed in different irregular wave and current combined weather conditions and the obtained motion response of Ocean Farm 1 are discussed and compared with available measurement data.     

浅水沉管船的锚泊定位系统设计

浅水锚泊系统的设计增加了诸多挑战,恶劣的环境使船舶具有较大的低频漂移运动,同时锚泊系统需要有足够的恢复力特性。文章针对深中通道沉管船,基于三维势流理论,在时域下对安装船和沉管系统进行分析,设计出合适的锚泊系统,并验证了锚泊系统设计的安全性。同时为以后类似系统的设计提供借鉴。     

基于法国规范的重力式码头基础换填砂垫层振冲标准

对于换填砂垫层的振冲验收标准,国内项目的常规要求是标准贯入击数N≥15击,但缺少理论计算。针对该问题,通过分析和研究法国规范及其他相关资料,总结出基于法国规范的换填砂垫层振冲验收标准的计算方法。结合国外某大型重力式码头项目实例,计算得出适合的标准贯入击数N为22击。标准贯入击数与内摩擦角或极限应力的关系是计算的核心。对于大型重力式码头,船舶大型化以及新设备、新技术的出现,适当提高砂垫层振冲标准,有利于提高地基承载力、控制地基沉降。     

钢护筒与钢筋混凝土协同受力机理数值分析与模型验证

以果园二期桩基为原型,对6个钢护筒与钢筋混凝土短柱结构和2个钢管混凝土短柱进行轴压试验。基于ABAQUS有限元软件,以钢护筒厚度、配筋率、配箍率为参数进行分析。结果表明,钢护筒与钢筋混凝土短柱结构中,钢护筒与箍筋对核心混凝土均有约束作用,且双重约束效应明显,有效抑制混凝土裂缝开展,使结构具有更高的承载力、塑性和韧性。箍筋对混凝土的约束作用对钢护筒与钢筋混凝土短柱的承载力、塑性及延性性能影响显著,随着箍筋间距的减小,构件的承载力及延性性能有明显提高。     

沥口枢纽上游口门区通航水流条件试验研究

船闸口门区通航水流条件的好坏直接影响航运的安全。针对沥口枢纽上游口门区及连接段通航水流条件差、横向流速大等问题,通过建立沥口枢纽河段水工整体物理模型试验,提出在坝轴线上游设置浅坝,调整河道河势及导流墩分流等优化措施。试验结果表明:优化方案下口门区及连接段内水流流态得到明显的改善,通航条件满足规范要求。船模航行试验表明最大通航流量Q_(20%)=4 661 m~3/s,并论证在此方案下通航的安全性与工程可行性。     

钢管桩中剪力键分配系数的数值模拟

在深海工程中,一般采用剪力键连接钢管桩与码头上部结构,这一连接机制与剪力键的厚度、宽度、各键间距等因素有关,尤其是在多对键的情况下,各键间距是影响其受力机制非常重要的因素。目前,我国相关规范还未有系统的定论。采用ABAQUS软件,建立1/4段三维钢管桩轴向受力模型,并通过Gebman试验进行验证。结果表明:2对键的受力敏感区域为75～200 mm,3对键的敏感区间为100～150 mm;随着键数增加,敏感区间将受到压缩。     

复杂礁盘地形对防波堤堤脚稳定性影响试验研究

针对礁盘地形上波浪运动形态的复杂性及相关防波堤工程设计中的结构稳定性问题,对礁盘地形附近某工程及相关海域的海床地形进行模拟,并通过波浪整体物理模型试验验证工程区防波堤堤脚的稳定性情况。试验结果表明:礁盘地形上堤脚块石稳定重力若按规范计算偏危险。研究结合试验现象及结果对堤脚进行优化,提出礁盘地形上防波堤堤脚开槽的优化方案。     

陆羽大桥动荷载试验研究与分析

动载试验一般采用理论分析与现场实测相结合的研究方法,是解决工程结构振动问题必不可少的手段。通过对记录的振动信号进行分析得到桥梁结构的动态特性和响应,并与理论计算结果进行对比,从而为检验桥梁的承载力提供依据。