Modelling navigation in muddy areas through captive model tests

Many access channels and harbours suffer from sedimentation and formation of mud layers. To keep navigation safe and economic, extensive maintenance dredging is needed. Until now, the required level of dredging has always been determined by making use of the physical characteristics of the mud layer, which does not necessarily result in efficient dredging. Ship behaviour also matters, and knowledge of ship manoeuvrability can help to redefine the level of dredging required. A mathematical model of manoeuvring for simulation purposes, based on a comprehensive series of captive model tests, is presented, along with a selection of results.     

Identification of potential sites for deep-ocean waste isolation with a geographic site-selection model

Identification of optimal sites for the isolation of waste on the abyssal seafloor was performed with two approaches: by the traditional method of map overlays of relevant attributes, and by a specially developed, automated Site-Selection Model (SSM). Five initial, Surrogate Sites, identified with the map-overlay approach, were then compared with the more rigorously produced scores from the SSM. The SSM, a process for optimization of site locations, accepts subjective, expert-based judgments and transforms them into a quantitative, reproducible, and documented product. The SSM is adaptable to any siting scenario. Forty-one factors relevant to the isolation scenario, including 21 weightable factors having a total of 123 scorable categories, have been entered into the SSM. Factors are grouped under project definition, unique environments, anthropogenic, geologic, biologic, weather, oceanographic and distance criteria. The factor scores are linked to a georeferenced database array of all factors, corresponding to 1°×1° latitude–longitude squares. The SSM includes a total of 2241 one-degree squares within 1000 n.m. of the U.S. coasts, including the western North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern North Pacific. Under a carefully weighted and scored scenario of isolation, the most favorable sites identified with the SSM are on the Hatteras and Nares Abyssal Plains in the Atlantic. High-scoring sites are also located in the Pacific abyssal hills province between the Murray and Molokai Fracture Zones. Acceptable 1° squares in the Gulf of Mexico are few and of lower quality, with the optimum location on the northern Sigsbee Abyssal Plain. Two of the five Surrogate Site locations, on the Hatteras and Sigsbee Abyssal Plains, correspond to the best SSM sites in each ocean area. Two Pacific and a second Atlantic Surrogate Site are located in low-scoring regions or excluded by the SSM. Site-selection results from the SSM, although robust, are an initial attempt to quantify the site-selection process. The SSM database exposes a significant lack of high-quality information for many areally mappable attributes on the abyssal seafloor, particularly bottom-current speed and measures of biologic productivity and flux. Terminologies and classifications of some measures, such as sediment types, suffer from parochialism and vary by ocean. Considerable research is needed even for a broad understanding of the environmental measures required to make sound societal decisions about use of the abyssal seafloor for disposal or other purposes.     

半刚性基层材料动态模量研究

文章针对我国常用的水泥稳定碎石和二灰稳定碎石两种半刚性材料,通过大量的室内试验研究,建立了两种材料动态模量与无侧限抗压强度和静态模量的关系,为没有条件进行动态模量试验的单位进行路面结构设计提供建议。     

公园城市街道一体化设计理念的应用实践——以成都杉板桥路市政管线改造设计为例

以成都市公园城市街道一体化建设试点项目——杉板桥路(二环-中环)改造项目为工程背景，阐述了传统市政管线改造设计要点和公园城市街道一体化理念下市政管线改造设计要点。介绍了公园城市街道一体化设计理念在该项目中的应用实践。对改造项目进行了管线现状及需求分析和管线建设边界条件分析，详细介绍了市政管线改造采用缆线管廊、综合排管的创新设计方案。     

水泵小流量循环在污泥焚烧项目上的研究与应用

通过对水泵不同类型小流量循环进行研究，并结合小流量循环在污泥焚烧项目上的应用分析，可知小流量循环管线的设置可以保护泵在系统负荷变化大的情况下，提高系统运行的稳定性，降低运行操作的复杂性。小流量循环类型的选择需根据项目投资、运行人员经验、系统自动化程度等因素综合考虑。     

市政工程 BIM 技术应用关键影响因素分析及对策

理论研究表明工程建设全生命周期内的应用能使BIM的实施效果达到最佳，然而目前市政工程领域BIM应用仍然局限于某个阶段层面上的实践，其推广也存在诸多障碍。通过分析总结国内市政工程行业BIM发展和应用现状，梳理出现阶段所面临的障碍及相关因素，然后通过DEMATEL法确定各因素的重要程度，并提出相应的解决措施，以期加快市政工程领域BIM技术应用地推广。     

废旧电池粉末改性沥青的微观特性及其性能

为研究废旧电池粉末改性沥青的可行性，分别将不同掺量的废旧电池粉末加入70^#沥青中，以制备废旧电池粉末改性沥青，并对比基质沥青与SBS改性沥青进行性能评价。借助X射线衍射仪（XRD）、红外光谱仪（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）等研究废旧电池粉末改性沥青的化学组成与微观结构，分析废旧电池粉末改性机理；采用三大指标、布氏黏度试验对废旧电池粉末改性沥青的常规性能指标进行测试；通过动态剪切流变仪（DSR）、多重应力蠕变（MSCR）试验评价废旧电池粉末改性沥青的流变特性；利用车辙试验（70℃）与短期老化前后的浸水马歇尔试验分析废旧电池粉末改性沥青混合料的高温稳定性及老化前后的水稳定性。研究结果表明：废旧电池粉末以C为主要成分，并含有极少量金属氧化物，其颗粒表面有较多的褶皱与凹槽；废旧电池粉末改性沥青表面存在"蜂巢"结构，且随着掺量增加，其粗糙度呈上升趋势，沥青针入度逐渐降低，软化点提升，延度略微降低，黏度逐渐增加；相同温度下，随着掺量增加，废旧电池粉末改性沥青的动态剪切模量G^*明显提高且始终高于70^#沥青，但略低于SBS改性沥青；废旧电池粉末改性沥青混合料动稳定度与残留稳定度逐渐增大；废旧电池粉末改性沥青的方式属于物理共混，该成分可使沥青的高温性能得到改善，改善程度未及SBS改性沥青，但相差幅度不大；废旧电池粉末改性沥青表面粗糙程度较大，意味着其拥有较大的比表面积，能增强沥青与集料间的黏附能力，从而提高了沥青混合料的高温稳定性与水稳定性。     

基于ANYSYS的钢筋混凝土套箱围堰仿真分析及建模方法

研究目的：以青岛海湾大桥高桩承台施工为背景，利用通用有限元分析软件对钢筋混凝土套箱围堰进行受力分析，通过接近实际工作状态的有限元仿真分析，对单元类型的选择及钢筋混凝土整体式建模提供依据，来达到最大限度的减少结构尺寸和吊装重量，使施工工艺得以最大限度的优化。研究结论：通过采用solid65单元对钢筋混凝土套箱围堰进行的仿真受力分析，可以有效地解决钢筋混凝土复合材料的单元自由度耦合，很好地模拟钢筋混凝土套箱几何尺寸、空间位置、连接条件、边界条件和空间受力状态，为结构优化提供高精度的数值模型，提高计算精度，指导施工。     

哈尔滨市城市交通拥堵原因及解决措施

城市交通拥堵问题表象在城市道路交通,其根源受城市的自然环境、气候、历史、规划以及市民岀行习惯等方面影响。全面、客观地分析总结了影响哈尔滨城市交通拥堵的原因,对解决城市交通拥堵问题进行了思考,并提出了建议和具体措施。     

河床护底工程水槽试验

通过不同的护底形式和结构方式对水流影响进行研究,比较不同形式和结构方式的优劣,寻找出经济合理的护底方案。