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为识别区域综合交通系统能耗驱动因子,测算其对系统能耗的贡献度,将驱动因素分为规模效应、结构效应和技术效应,采用ASIF数据构造原理和时序列回归法识别各因子的相关性,运用迪氏分解方法建立扩展LMDI分解模型,计算各因子能耗贡献度.计算表明,规模效应和技术效应的影响程度在逐渐减弱,结构效应的影响程度在逐渐增加;运输结构还需要进一步优化,对系统能耗的影响还有很大下降空间;近年来能耗效率已经得到很大提高,但能耗效率对能耗的贡献正在逐渐减弱,未来提高运输强度对降低能耗有明显效果.经实证检验,计算模型可靠、结论可信,能为区域综合低碳交通政策制定提供更科学的依据.     

Peak current control strategy with extended-state tracking compensator for DC-DC in hybrid energy storage system

Because variations of ultra-capacitor voltage and battery voltage generate subharmonic and chaotic behaviors in hybrid energy storage system (HESS) application when a DC-DC converter is under the peak current control, a novel digital control strategy, i.e., peak current control with extended-state tracking compensator, is introduced to deal with the stability. The gains of the control algorithm are selected based on pole locations formulated from the Bessel filter. The simulation results validate that under the peak current control strategy with compensator, the DC-DC converter does not have the subharmonic and chaotic behaviors. The response time under the peak current control with compensator is the same as that under the peak current control. The ripple voltage and ripple current of battery are less. The tracking error of inductor current tends to zero.     

新型城镇化发展中浙江交通建设先行实证研究

浙江交通建设引领城镇化发展,发挥了基础性、先导性、服务性作用。十八大后我国提出新型城镇化发展,交通建设将进一步推动其发展。分析结合浙江近30年来的交通建设实践,为新一轮新型城镇化发展提供了示范。     

车载紧急制动触发曲线计算模型分析

列车安全防护曲线计算是车载ATP的关键技术之一。IEEE1474．1^TM标准规定ATP安全制动曲线由紧急制动曲线和紧急制动触发曲线组成。紧急制动触发曲线的速度能够保证列车在侵犯该速度时能在目标点前停车,以保证行车安全。分析CBTC控车模式下,列车从超速、制动到完全静止过程中能量的转移关系,并利用能量守恒原则建立紧急制动触发曲线的计算模型。仿真结果表明,提出的计算模型满足IEEE1474．1^TM中的相关要求,具有一定的实际借鉴意义。     

水压爆破技术在隧道掘进施工中的应用

水压爆破是一种节能环保新型爆破技术,在提高工效、缓解工期压力、节省成本和保护环境等方面有比较显著的效果.通过介绍水压爆破的基本原理和工艺,结合在沪昆客专贵州段5标茅坪山隧道掘进施工中的实际应用,检验了水压爆破的优越性,对水压爆破在隧道施工中的应用进行了全面的总结分析,为水压爆破的推广使用提供了借鉴.     

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无线传感网是采集实时交通信息的重要工具.因其节点能量有限,必须设计高能效的分簇路由算法以延长网络周期.本文通过建立一种智能交通中无线传感器网络的应用模型,根据其特点和要求分析LEACH协议的优缺点并提出一种能量负载均衡的分簇算法.该算法对LEACH协议当中的簇首机制进行改进,综合考虑候选节点的剩余能量和簇首节点的分布位置;建立簇间多跳路由机制以避免单跳通信的大能量消耗;创造一种簇重构方法,避免过于频繁的簇重构引起的不必要能量消耗.仿真结果表明,能量均衡算法可有效平衡节点能量消耗分布,延长网络生命周期,可很好的应用于基于WSN的ITS当中.     

新媒体环境下民办高职院校新闻宣传工作的开展

新闻宣传工作在民办高职院校的发展和青年学生的培养中起着重要的作用。新媒体时代的到来对民办高职院校的新闻宣传工作既是一种挑战,也是一种机遇。文中结合笔者的工作体验,从不同角度探讨在新媒体环境下民办高职院校如何深入开展新闻宣传工作,使其发挥应有的效应,为学校的发展做出贡献。     

High-speed rail's potential for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from short haul aviation: a longitudinal study of modal substitution from an energy generation and renewable energy perspective

Abstract

This paper quantifies and evaluates, utilising a ‘bottom-up’ approach, the effect on CO₂ emissions of a modal shift from short-haul air travel to high-speed rail (HSR), based on projected passenger movements, between Sydney and Melbourne, Australia during the period 2010–2030. To date, peer-reviewed studies assessing the CO₂ emissions from these competing modes of high-speed transportation have been restricted principally to a cross-sectional assessment, with a Eurocentric bias. This present comparative study seeks to address a gap in the literature by assessing, longitudinally, the CO₂ emissions associated with the proposed operation of HSR against the ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario between Sydney and Melbourne. Under the assumed 50/50 modal shift, and the Australian government's current renewable electricity target, an annual reduction in CO₂ emissions of approximately 14% could be achieved when compared with a ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario. This percentage reduction represents a 62 kt reduction in base year, 2010, and a 114 kt reduction in the final year, 2030. In total, the overall reduction achieved by such a modal shift, under the assumed conditions, during the period 2010–2030, equates to approximately 1.87 Mt of CO₂. Importantly, if the electrical energy supply for HSR operations was further ‘decarbonised’, then it follows that a greater emission reduction would be achieved.     

Fuel price changes and their impacts on urban transport – a literature review using bibliometric and content analysis techniques, 1972–2017

ABSTRACT

While the period of heightened oil prices in 2005–2014 has attracted considerable academic and policy attention, there is scant cross-disciplinary research considering energy price, transport and land use together. In car dependent societies many socio-economically disadvantaged areas often lack public and active transport accessibility. Emerging research focus has been placed on issues of transport equity including effects of fuel prices. We reviewed 45 years (1972–2017) of publications about fuel price impacts, transport, and urban context, drawn from Web of Science listed publications. Bibliographic citation analysis reveals eight major research clusters with a set of inter-city comparative studies at their centre. The historical evolution, geographical trends, research approaches and the key themes are revealed by context analysis. The paper highlights the need for further studies looking at energy, transport and land use interaction, and suggests a greater focus on transport equity.     

国内新能源公交车发展状况及问题探析

文章分析了部分客车生产企业在新能源公交车方面的发展动态及研发出的新能源客车车型,国内部分城市推广现状及公交企业在新能源客车进行了示范应用效果,通过重点分析LNG、混合动力、燃料电池、纯电动等新能源公交车的技术特性及其应用前景,总结出当前在发展新能源公交车方面存在的主要问题并提出部分建议,从而便于进一步促进国内新能源公交客车应用及推广。