城市道路交通噪声的预测及评价

运用噪声测量基本方法,测量了大连市西南路某路段交通噪声值并统计出不同类型的机动车流量数据.在比较国内外各种道路交通噪声预测模型特点的基础上,选择了一种修正预测模型,预测出理论噪声值.计算预测值与实际测量值的误差,分析误差产生的原因.利用噪声测量值计算出噪声污染的各种评价指标,最后根据有关的噪声标准进行差别,得到该路段的交通噪声已超过规定限值,对城市居民的日常生活带来了不良影响的结论.     

高大加筋土挡墙的安全性分析

结合重庆某滨江路高大加筋土挡墙的现场观测，应用改进的有限元计算方法和强度折减理论对高大加筋土结构的安全性进行评估分析。通过与简化Bishop法进行比较．两者结果比较相近。与其他工程事故资料对比，改进的有限元计算方法计算的滑动面位置更接近实际。有限元强度折减法优点是既能获得墙面变形，又能获得整体稳定安全系数，但安全判断的依据有待进一步分析研究。     

小波分析在边坡深部水平位移监测数据降噪中的应用

边坡深部位移监测曲线中的波动现象既反映了自然活动和人工活动使边坡内部位移产生的突变;也反映了噪声对其造成的影响。为了提高边坡稳定性评价的准确性,有必要监测信号进行降噪处理。小波分析作为一种新兴的数学工具,具有多分辨分析的特性,在信号的噪声消除方面,已有了广泛应用。将小波分析应用在边坡水平位移监测曲线的降噪中,选用小波阈值法对西攀高速公路k132高边坡和318国道k2791高边坡监测数据进行降噪,结果证实,小波分析方法能有效处理边坡深部位移监测数据。     

车辆噪声与城市道路路面平整度关系的试验研究

主要研究了城市道路平整度可能对机动车辆噪声级产生的影响。采用IRI作为道路平整度的计量单位,并在上海的一些城市道路上组织了沥青路面和水泥路面两类试验。首先,在满足试验条件的道路上进行平整度的量测;其次,在试验道路的测点上采集车辆以特定速度驶过的最大噪声级。通过对试验数据的分析,发现车辆以相同速度行驶在平整度不同的城市道路上时,其噪声级是不同的,而且随着平整度指数的增加,机动车辆噪声级也呈上升趋势,因此城市道路平整度确实会对机动车辆噪声级产生影响。在20~50 km/h速度范围内,对于平整度相同的水泥路面和沥青路面,前者的车辆匀速行驶噪声要高于后者。     

路肩隆声带警示效果的试验研究

使用Wirtgen W600DC型铣刨机在试验路段上设置了5种形式的路肩隆声带,采用驾驶员头部位置处的噪声值、地板和座椅处的振动加速度值作为测量参数,进行了3种车型(轿车、中型客车、重型货车)的道路试验,建立了路肩隆声带警示效果与结构参数间的经验模型。试验结果显示,在隆声带条件下,噪声增大了8~23 dB,且在车速为25km/h时出现峰值,在车速大于40 km/h时,随车速的增加而增大;车辆地板加速度均方根值平均增大4~7倍,车辆座椅加速度均方根值平均增大2~3倍。车辆地板和座椅加速度,在隆声带深度大于14 mm时增幅较大,且对于同一结构尺寸的隆声带,在车速为20~35 km/h时出现波峰,在车速大于40 km/h时,随车速的增加而增大。最后,在保证路肩隆声带警示效果以及使用安全性的条件下,提出了适用于我国高等级公路的路肩隆声带合理结构参数建议。     

轮轨滚动噪声激扰模型研究

为解决轮轨高频非线性接触问题和预测轮轨滚动噪声,需研究轮轨表面粗糙度的时域模型。在基于线性化理论的轮轨表面粗糙度频域表示方法的基础上,为满足轮轨非线性接触的要求,采用时频转换的方法建立轮轨表面粗糙度时域输入模型,并以Sato轮轨表面粗糙度谱为例,运用所建立的轮轨噪声预测模型及开发的轮轨噪声预测分析软件对轮轨滚动噪声辐射进行了仿真计算,将得到的轮轨滚动噪声频谱特征及其时域特点与工程实际监测结果进行对比分析,证明模型是可靠的。     

直线型GPS偏心观测法

GPS定位技术具有全天候、高效率、高精度且GPS点间无需通视、作用距离远等特点,在控制点无法架设GPS观测时,可采用偏心观测。介绍了从实用角度出发,在高精度GPS偏心观测中归心元素的测定方法,并介绍了其应用与其分析。     

Application of a validated primary production model (BLOOM) as a screening tool for marine, coastal and transitional waters

In order to manage aquatic systems, it is necessary to apply methods relating the environmental variables and system-state parameters with external factors that affect the system. External factors can be natural (i.e. the movement of water) or partly-anthropogenic (i.e. nutrient loads). In addition to the national authorities, who have been implementing environmental policies for several decades, the EU is presently implementing the Water Framework Directive (WFD) aimed at establishing a new set of standards for the ecological and water quality of water systems. Among these are the phytoplankton biomass and composition. Phytoplankton affects turbidity, oxygen depletion, total productivity of the system and the occurrence of (harmful) algal blooms. A range of methods is available to relate phytoplankton to the controlling environmental conditions. Among these are statistical relations for instance of the Vollenweider type as well as deterministic simulation models. At the end of the 1970s, a generic deterministic phytoplankton module called BLOOM was developed, which has since been applied to a wide range of fresh water and marine systems. Here we test the applicability of this model as a screening tool for coastal waters. We conclude that the model is able to reproduce observed chlorophyll levels adequately under a wide range of conditions. Subsequently the model is applied to demonstrate the potential impacts of reductions in nitrogen, phosphorus or both nutrients simultaneously. Depending on which factors are initially controlling, the impacts of these reductions vary considerably both between locations and during the season. While this type of application lacks explicit relations between nutrient concentrations and external loadings, it does consider a number of relevant conditions in a consistent way and requires remarkably little data and effort. It is therefore a valuable screening tool.     

高速铁道车辆噪声机理解析

随着铁道车辆速度的增加,噪声也随之而加大,噪声传递到车内,会使乘客的乘 车舒适度降低;传递到车外,会使铁路沿线两侧的居民深受其害.因此,如何降低车辆 噪声具有较高的现实意义.通过对日本新干线高速铁道车辆进行噪声机理解析和现车试 验,提出了降低噪声的主要方法.     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR VIBRATION CONTROL OF BEAMS WITH ACTIVE CONSTRAINED LAYER DAMPING TREATMENTS

IntroductionThe conventional passive constrained layerdamping (PCLD) treatments[1～ 3] are applied tomachines and structures widely over the lastcentu-ry because they are reliable and simple,however,they are not intelligent. Once the damping treat-ments are installed,they can not be adjusted andcan not adapt themselves to changeable environ-ment.Recently,active damping has received in-creasing attention in the aeronautic and astronauticindustries because of its significant and adjustabledamp…