深海海山周围航船噪声建模与特性研究

本文以抛物方程模型为基础,结合声场的互易性,提出一种深海低频航船噪声建模方法,该方法将声源与接收点位置互换,大大降低了声场计算的运行次数和运行时间,基于该方法对深海海山周围的航船噪声进行计算和分析.研究结果表明:海山对声传播损失的影响取决于接收阵元与海山的位置关系以及海山的几何参数.由于海山的遮挡作用,海山附近航船噪声的水平指向性具有不均匀性,在有海山遮挡的方向噪声级明显低于无海山遮挡的方向,海山附近航船噪声的垂直指向性会出现多个峰值.此外,单个尖峰海山的遮挡对接收阵元处的航船噪声总级影响较小.     

Historic vehicles: an overview from a transport policy perspective

Historic vehicles (HVs) are the heritage of road transport that have surprisingly received little attention in the academic literature. This study presents an overview of the literature on HVs, focusing on the three topics that dominate the policy debate on transport: environmental, safety and congestion impacts. We observed that polluting emissions of HVs are per kilometre much higher (often a factor 5 or more) than those of moderns vehicles. The annual average mileage per vehicle per year of HVs is much lower than other vehicles. The lower active and passive safety levels of HVs are compensated by the way these vehicles are driven, resulting in the risk factors per kilometre being roughly equal or lower than other vehicles. The contribution of HVs to congestion is negligible. However, the transport policy discourse is divided on the topic of HVs. More comprehensive and effective laws and regulation are needed to protect this aspect of the heritage of road transport whilst concurrently avoiding or limiting the problems caused by them.     

Noise level in the vicinity of signalized roundabouts

The analysis, assessment and estimation of noise levels in the vicinity of intersections is a more complex problem than a similar analysis for roads and streets. This is due to the varied geometry of the intersections, differences in the loads of individual movements, participation of heavy vehicles and mass transport vehicles, as well as the various types of traffic management and traffic control. This article analyses the influence of intersection type and traffic characteristics on the noise levels in the vicinity of classic channelized intersections with signalization, roundabouts and signalized roundabouts. Based on the conducted measurements, it has been established that, with comparable traffic parameters and the same distance from the geometric centre of the intersection, the L_Aeq value for signalized roundabouts is 2.5–10.8 dB higher in comparison to classic channelized intersections with signalization and 3.3–6.7 dB higher in relations to the analysed roundabout. Additionally the differences between L_Aeq levels at individual entries at the same signalized roundabouts may reach the value of approximately 4.5 dB. Such situation is influenced by differences in the intersection geometry, diameter of the intersection’s central island, traffic flow type, traffic management at the entries and traffic volume, especially the amount and traffic movements of multiple axle heavy vehicles. These factors have been analysed in detail in relation to signalized roundabouts in this paper.     

液压泵噪声的统计分析和试验研究方法

结合液压泵降噪实践对液压泵噪声的统计分析和试验研究作简要述评。指出“液压泵噪声的统计分析及频谱测试”为估算同类液压泵噪声总级并估计其频率分布提供了简便有效方法,为正确设计液压系统使其工作在低噪声工况提供了依据;对“低噪声液压泵”的选型和液压泵降噪措施的发展有益。     

电子战环境中的雷达侦察仿真系统设计

针对某型飞机任务系统模拟器的研制需要,结合具体的应用环境,对雷达侦察仿真系统框架进行设计并从工程应用的角度出发建立了信号生成模型、接收机噪声仿真模型和截获能力模型,利用侦察系统截获能力模型和信号生成模型之间的数据关系对信号生成模型进行优化以提高仿真的实时性,进而开发雷达侦察仿真系统。该系统目前已成功应用于基于HLA组网的某型飞机训练模拟器中,满足了系统的功能性和实时性的需求,可为相关工作提供参考。     

雷达视频回波模拟器的一种设计方法

从研制某型雷达视频回波模拟器的角度,对模拟器硬件及软件实现方法进行了介绍。阐述了视频回波信号、杂波及噪声的产生依据及方法。     

基于混和法的齿轮箱基座动力学特性全频域计算

统计能量法(SEA)在航空航天和船舶领域进行动力学环境预报方面有着广泛应用,适用于大型、复杂结构与高频率激励环境.但该方法在计算中低频振动噪声时,由于众多子系统动力特性差异,动力响应计算将产生很大误差,出现SEA失效问题.近年来出现的FE-SEA混合模型方法可有效解决这一问题,并能实现大型复杂结构的全频域一体化建模,在统一平台上进行低频、中频和高频计算及结果输出,简化建模和不同软件下模型转换,是非常适用于工程的一种方法.本研究探索采用具有上述功能的VA One软件进行舰艇基座全频域混和法动力学预报,这是国内外的首次探索,具有重要学术与工程价值.     

基于进化规划算法的舰船辐射噪声分类

神经网络分类器在舰船辐射噪声分类中得到了广泛的应用.针对神经网络分类器的设计困难,提出一种基于进化规划算法的设计方法.在该方法中,进化算法的适应度函数不是取为神经网络分类器对训练样本的识别率,而是对训练样本的可分性和聚合度同时考虑,这样能够在保证识别精度的前提下,使网络分类器具有良好的泛化能力,而且该方法不仅能够对待识别的样本进行离线学习,也能够在线学习.使用该分类器对舰船辐射噪声进行分类识别试验,结果表明该方法设计的分类器具有良好的性能.     

扭矩标准装置优化设计研究

文章介绍了通过优化设计研制成功的高准确度2kN·m扭矩标准装置的结构、特点和关键技术.该装置采用传统的静重平衡式结构,对力臂杠杆、刀口支承和砝码等进行了优化,并采用了自动加载、对中调整、对偶平衡以及PLC控制程序等技术,使该装置的校准可信度和准确度都有所提高.     

超大型浮式生产储油轮货油舱脚手架设计新思路

脚手架是造船及建筑等行业必须应用的辅助工具之一.设计快速搭建和方便拆卸,且满足有关国际安全标准和行业安全规范的脚手架,是我国造船业缩短建造周期、降低建造成本的一项紧迫任务.文章以上海外高桥造船有限公司承接的渤海二期油田30万吨FPSO货油舱脚手架结构设计为例,设计了一种符合国际安全标准、快速搭建和方便拆卸的脚手架结构形式.