Modelling of wheels and rail discontinuities in dynamic wheel-rail contact analysis

A classification of wheel-rail contact is given. Difference is made between modelling of a running wheel with continuous single-point-contact, as is common practice in wheel-rail contact analysis, and a wheel with transient double- or multi-point-contact, which may occur for rail irregularities with curvatures larger than that of the wheel circumference. It is shown that application of the first model for these irregularities will strongly underestimate the contact forces as it does not describe occurring mechanisms correctly. Further, it is shown that in principle it is not possible to describe the second type of contact fully correct with a lumped wheel model. Both wheel models are formulated mathematically for some basic contact cases. Afterwards, results are applied to a linear track model. Analytical closed-form solutions are found in the frequency domain for arbitrary type of contact and numerically transformed to the time domain. Finally, the necessity is shown to avoid situations where transient multiple-point-contact may occur (like rail joints) in practice.     

Tractor-semitrailer model for vehicles carrying liquids

This article presents a model for solving solid-fluid interactions in vehicles carrying liquids. A tractor-semitrailer model is developed by incorporating suspension systems and tire dynamics. Owing to the solid-fluid interaction, equations of motion for the vehicle system are coupled. To simplify the complicated solution procedure, the coupled equations are solved separately using two different codes. Each code is analyzed separately; but as the parameters of the two codes depend on each other, the codes must be connected at the end of each time step. To determine the dynamic behavior of the system, different braking moments are applied. As the braking moments increase, braking time decreases. However, it turns out that increasing the braking moment to more than a certain level produces no significant results. It is also shown that vehicles carrying fluids need a greater amount of braking moments in comparison to vehicles carrying solids during braking. In addition, as the level of the fluid inside the tanker increases, from one-third to two-third of the tanker's volume, the sloshing forces applied to the tanker's walls increase. It was also concluded that the strategy used in this article to solve for the solid-fluid interaction by incorporating vehicle dynamic effects represents an effective method for determining the dynamic behavior of vehicles carrying fluids in other critical maneuvers.     

提前右转的科学性论证

分析了十字交叉路口直行车流和右转车流产生交通分流冲突的原因,以及因此而造成的交通事故隐患。为解决这个问题,笔者在借鉴国内外交通冲突技术(TCT)的理论研究成果的基础上,建立了十字路口直行车流和右转车流分流冲突模型,并用北京市火神庙十字路口的调查统计数据对模型进行了验证,从而在理论上证明了"提前右转"对于减少交通冲突,提高交叉路口安全的科学性,对于交叉路口设计和改造具有较强的指导意义。     

钢管混凝土拱桥整体稳定性分析

对某钢管混凝土拱桥不同的稳定性设计方案进行了介绍,利用有限元方法对钢管拱施工、成桥各阶段的整体稳定性进行了空间分析,并讨论了影响整体稳定性的因素,希望通过比选找出最佳的稳定性方案。     

不等时距GM(1,1)模型在预测输气管道腐蚀中的应用

根据等时距GM(1,1)模型建立了不等时距GM(1,1)预测模型,该模型可应用于利用腐蚀指标的原始数据来预测以后的输气管道腐蚀情况。验证表明:不等时距灰色模型扩大了等时距灰色模型的应用范围,在小样本的情况下同样可以做出较准确预测,为输气管道的防腐提供了可靠的依据。     

Mixed Logit模型及其在交通方式分担中的应用研究

离散选择模型的典型代表Logit模型简洁易用的特点使其在经济、交通等领域得到了广泛的应用，但同时Logit模型的两个重要缺陷限制了其应用范围。在分析了Logit模型固有的两个缺陷和Mixed Logit模型的良好性质后，比较了Logit模型与Mixed Logit模型的差异，对Mixed Logit模型的算法进行了研究，并借助SAS统计软件提供的仿真算法给出了详细的工程实践应用范例。结果表明，Mixed Logit模型有着更丰富的物理含义，对个人出行交通方式选择行为的描述更符合实际。     

用于汽车纵向运动控制的传动系统模型简化与分析

针对汽车纵向运动控制系统特点，采用线性化方法对比分析传动系统各部件对系统传递性的影响，总结出适合汽车纵向运动控制的简化数学模型。并基于简化模型，应用灵敏度理论分析了系统传递特性对模型中各参数的敏感性。     

多线大角度斜交桥渡模型试验研究与工程实践

该文针对多线斜交桥渡在斜交角度较大的情况下,目前尚缺少理论及经验计算方法的特点,对某多线大角度斜交桥渡进行了水工模型试验。通过模型试验表明:在相同孔跨条件下,雍水值随斜交角的变化比较平缓,设计方案是可行的。实践证明顺水流方向布置桥墩是解决多线斜交桥墩台阻水问题的有效途径之一。     

虚拟三维环境中汽车模型的照明设置

通过在虚拟三维环境中怎样对汽车模型进行灯光设置的研究,提出车身金属材质的具体设置方法,以及对虚拟场景中灯光的设置,以达到显示其形状、材质、气势等效果,追求虚拟三维汽车模型的艺术效果。     

一种新的公交网络非线性双层优化模型的提出及其求解算法

公交网络优化问题一直是公交系统发展研究的热点之一，国内外学者已有许多不同见解。文章根据现代城市发展及城市交通发展特点，提出了公交非线性双层优化的一种新模型，将PSO算法改进后，结合长春市公交调查数据进行了优化，实践证明模型与算法具有较强的实用性。